Certification terms: R

445 study terms starting with R.

445 terms

R-Squared (R²)The coefficient of determination: the proportion of variance in the target explained by the model.Intermediate
Race ConditionA flaw where the outcome depends on the timing of events, allowing attackers to exploit the gap between operations.Advanced
Rack UnitThe standard unit of vertical height for rack-mounted equipment, equal to 1.75 inches (44.45 mm).Foundational
Radio Frequency (RF)Electromagnetic energy in the roughly 3 kHz to 300 GHz range used to carry data wirelessly.Foundational
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Technology that uses radio to identify and track tags, in LF, HF, and UHF bands, passive or active.Foundational
Radio Line of Sight (RLoS)A clear RF path that includes both visual line of sight and an unobstructed Fresnel zone.Intermediate
Radio Resource Management (RRM)Automated management of AP channels, transmit power, and coverage based on measured RF conditions.Intermediate
Radiotap HeaderA pseudo-header added by capture drivers that records RF metadata such as channel, data rate, and signal strength.Advanced
RAG EvaluationMeasuring a RAG system's retrieval quality and answer quality, typically with faithfulness, relevance and context metrics.Advanced
RAID 0Disk striping across two or more drives for maximum performance and capacity with no redundancy.Foundational
RAID 1Disk mirroring, writing identical data to two drives so the array survives one drive failure.Foundational
RAID 10A nested level that stripes data across mirrored pairs, combining RAID 1 redundancy with RAID 0 performance.Foundational
RAID 5Striping with distributed single parity across three or more drives, tolerating one drive failure.Foundational
RAID 6Striping with dual distributed parity across four or more drives, tolerating two simultaneous drive failures.Foundational
RAID RebuildThe process of reconstructing a failed drive's data onto a replacement or spare from mirror copies or parity.Intermediate
Rail-Optimized TopologyA GPU cluster network design where each GPU index in every server connects to its own dedicated leaf switch (rail).Advanced
Rainbow TableA precomputed table of hash values used to rapidly reverse unsalted password hashes.Intermediate
RAMLRESTful API Modeling Language, a YAML-based language for describing REST APIs, widely used with MuleSoft.Intermediate
Random Access Memory (RAM)Volatile working memory that holds the OS, running programs, and active data for fast CPU access.Foundational
Random BackoffA random number of slot times a station waits after the medium is idle before transmitting.Intermediate
Random Early Detection (RED)A congestion avoidance mechanism that randomly drops packets as average queue depth rises between minimum and maximum thresholds.Intermediate
Random ForestAn ensemble of decision trees trained on random data samples and feature subsets, averaging their predictions.Intermediate
RangeThe difference between the maximum and minimum values, the simplest measure of spread.Foundational
RANK and DENSE_RANKRanking window functions: RANK gives tied rows the same rank and leaves gaps; DENSE_RANK gives ties the same rank without gaps.Intermediate
RansomwareMalware that encrypts or locks a victim's data or systems and demands payment for restoration.Foundational
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)A criminal business model in which ransomware developers lease their malware and infrastructure to affiliates for a share of ransoms.Intermediate
Rapid ElasticityNIST cloud characteristic: capabilities can be provisioned and released quickly, often automatically, to scale with demand.Foundational
Rapid PVST+Cisco's per-VLAN implementation of RSTP (802.1w), the default STP mode on current Catalyst switches.Intermediate
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)IEEE 802.1w, a faster STP that uses proposal/agreement handshakes, edge ports and alternate ports to converge in seconds or less.Intermediate
RAPIDSNVIDIA's suite of open-source GPU-accelerated data science libraries with familiar Python APIs.Intermediate
Rayleigh FadingRapid signal-strength variation caused by multipath when there is no dominant line-of-sight path.Advanced
RD GatewayAn RDS role service that tunnels Remote Desktop Protocol traffic over HTTPS so external users connect without a VPN.Intermediate
RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE)A protocol that runs RDMA over Ethernet; RoCEv2 is routable over UDP/IP and typically requires lossless or congestion-managed Ethernet.Advanced
RDS Multi-AZRDS deployment option that maintains a synchronously replicated standby in another AZ with automatic failover.Intermediate
Re-identificationLinking de-identified or anonymized data back to specific individuals, often by combining datasets.Advanced
Reachability AnalysisDetermining whether vulnerable code in a dependency is actually called by the application, to prioritize SCA findings.Advanced
ReActReason + Act: a prompting pattern where a model interleaves reasoning steps with tool actions and observations.Intermediate
Read CommittedAn isolation level in which a transaction sees only committed data, though values may change between reads.Intermediate
Read Committed Snapshot Isolation (RCSI)A SQL Server and Azure SQL option that makes Read Committed use row versions, so readers do not block writers.Advanced
Read ReplicaAsynchronously replicated, read-only copy of a database used to offload read traffic and support disaster recovery.Intermediate
Read UncommittedThe lowest isolation level, which takes no shared locks on reads and allows dirty reads.Intermediate
Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC)A domain controller holding a read-only copy of the AD database, designed for branch offices with weak physical security.Intermediate
Read-Only Memory (ROM)Non-volatile memory that retains data without power; on PCs it historically stored firmware.Foundational
Reader AccountA Snowflake account created and paid for by a data provider so consumers without their own Snowflake account can query shared data.Advanced
Readiness ProbeA Kubernetes check that determines whether a pod can receive traffic; failing pods are removed from Service endpoints.Intermediate
Real User Monitoring (RUM)Collecting performance and error data from actual users' browsers or devices as they interact with an application.Intermediate
Real-Time InferenceServing predictions synchronously with low latency in response to individual requests.Foundational
Real-Time IntelligenceThe Fabric workload for ingesting, analyzing and acting on streaming data: Eventstream, Eventhouse/KQL databases, Real-Time Dashboards and Activator.Advanced
Real-Time Location System (RTLS)A system that tracks the location of devices or tags in real time using Wi-Fi, BLE, UWB, or other signals.Intermediate
Real-Time Monitoring Tool (RTMT)A client application that monitors CUCM and related servers, displaying performance counters, alerts, logs and traces.Foundational
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)A protocol that carries real-time audio and video over UDP, with sequence numbers and timestamps for playback timing.Intermediate
Reasoning ModelAn LLM trained to generate intermediate reasoning before answering, improving performance on complex multi-step tasks.Intermediate
ReassociationThe process by which a client moves its association from one AP to another within an ESS.Intermediate
RebaseReapplying commits from one branch on top of another base commit, producing a linear history.Intermediate
RecallOf all actual positives, the fraction the model correctly identifies: TP / (TP + FN). Also called sensitivity or true positive rate.Foundational
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)A measurement of received signal power, usually reported in dBm by Wi-Fi radios.Foundational
Receiver SensitivityThe weakest signal a receiver can decode at a specified data rate and error rate.Intermediate
RecipeCRM Analytics Data Prep tool for transforming and joining data into datasets with a visual interface.Advanced
Recommendation SystemA system that predicts items a user is likely to want, based on behavior, item attributes or both.Intermediate
Recon-ngA modular, Metasploit-like command-line framework for web-based OSINT reconnaissance.Intermediate
Reconciliation LoopThe control-loop pattern in which a controller repeatedly compares desired state with actual state and acts to close the gap.Intermediate
Reconciliation RuleRule determining which source value populates a unified profile attribute when sources disagree.Advanced
Reconciliation Rule (CMDB)IRE rule specifying which discovery sources are authoritative to update specific CI attributes, with priorities.Advanced
ReconnaissanceThe information-gathering phase of an attack or test, identifying targets, technologies and people before exploitation.Foundational
Record ProducerCatalog item that creates a record in a table (such as an incident or HR case) instead of a request.Foundational
Record TypeConfiguration that offers different business processes, picklist values and page layouts to different users for the same object.Foundational
Record-to-Report (R2R)Finance process covering recording transactions, closing the books and producing financial reports.Intermediate
Record-Triggered FlowFlow that runs when a record is created, updated or deleted.Foundational
Records of Processing Activities (ROPA)GDPR Article 30 documentation of a controller's or processor's processing operations.Intermediate
RecoveryThe incident response phase that restores systems and operations to normal and verifies they are functioning securely.Foundational
Recovery ControlA control that restores systems, data, and operations after a disruptive incident.Intermediate
Recovery ModelA SQL Server database setting (Simple, Full or Bulk-logged) that controls how the transaction log is kept and which restores are possible.Advanced
Recovery Point Objective (RPO)Maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time before a disruption.Foundational
Recovery Time Objective (RTO)Maximum acceptable time to restore a service after a disruption.Foundational
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)A neural network that processes sequences by passing a hidden state from one step to the next.Intermediate
Recursive CTEA CTE that references itself to traverse hierarchical or graph data such as org charts or bills of materials.Advanced
Recursive DNS ResolverA DNS server that accepts queries from clients and performs the full lookup process on their behalf, caching results.Intermediate
Recursive Route LookupResolving a route's next-hop address by performing another routing table lookup to find the outgoing interface.Intermediate
Recursive TriggerSituation where a trigger's DML causes the same trigger to fire again, potentially looping until limits are hit.Advanced
Recycle BinHolding area where deleted records remain for 15 days before permanent deletion, allowing restoration.Foundational
Red Hat OpenShiftRed Hat's enterprise Kubernetes platform that adds integrated developer tools, security defaults, operators, and a web console.Intermediate
RED MethodA request-centric monitoring approach tracking Rate, Errors, and Duration for every service.Intermediate
Red TeamA group that emulates real adversaries to test an organization's detection and response capabilities.Foundational
RedfishA DMTF standard RESTful API using HTTPS and JSON for modern, secure, scalable out-of-band server management.Intermediate
RedirectionShell syntax that sends a command's input or output to or from files instead of the terminal.Foundational
RedisAn in-memory key-value data store supporting strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets and streams, widely used for caching.Intermediate
Reduced Neighbor Report (RNR)An information element in 2.4/5 GHz beacons and probe responses advertising co-located 6 GHz BSSs.Advanced
RedundancyDuplicating critical components so a backup takes over if one fails.Foundational
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)A technique combining multiple drives into one logical unit for performance, redundancy or both, using striping, mirroring or parity.Foundational
Redundant Power SupplyTwo or more power supply units in a server, each able to carry the load alone so one can fail without downtime.Foundational
RefactorMigration strategy that re-architects an application to use cloud-native features, also called re-architect.Foundational
RefactoringRestructuring existing code to improve readability, maintainability, or performance without changing its external behavior.Foundational
Reference BandwidthThe bandwidth value OSPF divides by interface bandwidth to calculate cost, 100 Mbps by default.Foundational
Reference DataStandardized code sets and classifications used to categorize other data, such as country codes, currency codes and status values.Foundational
Reference FieldField that stores a link (sys_id) to a record in another table.Foundational
Reference MonitorAbstract machine that mediates all access by subjects to objects according to a security policy.Advanced
Reference QualifierFilter restricting which records can be selected in a reference field: simple, dynamic or advanced (script).Intermediate
Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)LTE and 5G measurement of the average power of reference signals from a cell, in dBm.Intermediate
Referential IntegrityThe guarantee that every foreign key value matches an existing key in the referenced table, so no orphaned rows exist.Foundational
Referrer-PolicyAn HTTP header controlling how much of the referring URL the browser sends in the Referer header.Intermediate
Reflected Cross-Site ScriptingXSS in which a malicious script in a request is immediately echoed in the response without proper encoding.Foundational
ReflectionRF bouncing off a smooth surface larger than the wavelength, such as metal or glass.Foundational
RefractionBending of an RF wave as it passes between media of different densities.Intermediate
Refresh RateHow many times per second a display redraws its image, measured in hertz (Hz).Foundational
Refresh TokenLong-lived OAuth credential used to obtain new access tokens without re-prompting the user.Advanced
Refresh Token RotationIssuing a new refresh token each time one is used and invalidating the previous one, to limit the value of stolen tokens.Advanced
RegionSeparate geographic area where a cloud provider operates one or more data centers, usually grouped into availability zones.Foundational
Regional Internet Registry (RIR)One of five organizations that allocate IP addresses and AS numbers within a world region: ARIN, RIPE NCC, APNIC, LACNIC and AFRINIC.Intermediate
Registered DIMM (RDIMM)A server memory module with a register that buffers address and command signals, enabling more modules per channel.Intermediate
Registered Jack 11 (RJ11)A six-position modular connector, usually wired with two or four contacts, used for analog telephone lines and DSL.Foundational
Registered Jack 45 (RJ45)The common name for the eight-position, eight-contact (8P8C) modular connector used on Ethernet twisted-pair cables.Foundational
Registered Memory (RDIMM)Server memory with a register that buffers command and address signals, allowing more modules per channel.Intermediate
Registered PortsPorts 1024-49151, which IANA registers for specific applications and vendors on request.Foundational
Registration AuthorityPKI component that verifies the identity of certificate requesters before the CA issues certificates.Intermediate
Registry Editor (regedit)The Windows tool for viewing and editing the registry database.Foundational
Registry Run KeysWindows registry locations that automatically launch programs at user logon or system boot.Intermediate
RegressionA supervised learning task that predicts a continuous numeric value.Foundational
Regression AnalysisStatistical technique modeling the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.Advanced
Regression TestRe-running tests after a change to ensure previously working functionality still works.Foundational
Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)A denial of service caused by a regular expression that takes exponential time to evaluate certain inputs due to catastrophic backtracking.Advanced
RegularizationTechniques that constrain model complexity to reduce overfitting.Intermediate
Regulatory DomainThe set of allowed frequencies, channels, and power limits for a country or region.Foundational
RehostMigration strategy that moves applications to the cloud without modification, commonly called lift and shift.Foundational
ReimagingRestoring a system from a known-good image to remove compromise rather than attempting to clean it.Foundational
Reinforcement Learning (RL)Learning in which an agent takes actions in an environment and improves its policy by maximizing cumulative reward.Foundational
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF)Aligning a model by training a reward model on human preference rankings and optimizing the model against it.Intermediate
RekorSigstore's public, append-only transparency log that records signing events and attestations.Advanced
RELATED FunctionA DAX function that fetches a value from the 'one' side of a relationship into the current row context on the 'many' side.Intermediate
Relational DatabaseA database that stores data in tables of rows and columns, linked through keys, and queried with SQL.Foundational
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)Software that creates, manages and queries relational databases, enforcing schemas, constraints, security and transactions.Foundational
Relationship QuerySOQL query traversing relationships child-to-parent with dot notation or parent-to-child with subqueries.Intermediate
Relative EstimationEstimating items by comparing them to each other rather than in absolute units.Foundational
Release on DemandSAFe practice of releasing value to customers when the business needs it, decoupled from deployment cadence.Advanced
Release PipelineThe portion of a delivery pipeline responsible for deploying approved artifacts to environments and managing releases.Foundational
Release PlanningPlanning activity that determines which features or stories will be delivered in upcoming releases.Intermediate
Release Train Engineer (RTE)SAFe servant leader and coach for the Agile Release Train who facilitates ART events and processes.Intermediate
Release UpdateBehavior change Salesforce delivers with an enforcement date that admins can test and enable before it is enforced.Intermediate
Reliability MonitorA Windows tool that charts system stability over time with application failures, Windows failures, and updates.Intermediate
Reliability PillarWell-architected pillar focused on workloads performing their intended function correctly and recovering quickly from failure.Foundational
RelocateMigration strategy that moves workloads to the cloud at the hypervisor level without purchasing new hardware, rewriting or converting VMs.Intermediate
ReLURectified Linear Unit: an activation that outputs the input if positive and zero otherwise, f(x)=max(0,x).Foundational
Remediation RetestA follow-up test verifying that previously reported vulnerabilities have been properly fixed.Foundational
Remediation TaskTask grouping vulnerable items by rules (such as solution and assignment group) for IT teams to fix.Intermediate
RemoteA named reference to another copy of a Git repository, typically hosted on a server, used for fetching and pushing.Foundational
Remote Access Trojan (RAT)A trojan that gives an attacker covert remote administrative control over an infected system.Foundational
Remote ActionOmniStudio action that invokes an Apex class method implementing the Callable or VlocityOpenInterface interface.Advanced
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)AAA protocol commonly used for network access, using UDP 1812 (authentication) and 1813 (accounting).Foundational
Remote BackendA Terraform backend that stores state remotely, such as in S3, Azure Blob Storage, Google Cloud Storage, or HCP Terraform, enabling team sharing and locking.Intermediate
Remote Call-InIntegration pattern in which an external system calls Salesforce to create, read, update or delete data.Advanced
Remote Code Execution (RCE)The ability of an attacker to execute arbitrary code on a target system over a network.Foundational
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)Microsoft's protocol for remote graphical access to Windows systems, using TCP and UDP port 3389.Foundational
Remote Desktop Services (RDS)The Windows Server role set that delivers session-based desktops, virtual desktops and RemoteApp programs to users.Intermediate
Remote Desktop Session Host (RDSH)An RDS role service that lets multiple users run sessions simultaneously on one Windows Server, delivering session-based desktops or RemoteApps.Intermediate
Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)A networking capability that lets one computer read or write another's memory directly, bypassing the CPU and OS kernel for low latency.Advanced
Remote File Inclusion (RFI)A vulnerability where an application includes and executes a file from a remote URL supplied by the user.Intermediate
Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM)Software used by IT teams and MSPs to monitor, patch, script, and remotely support endpoints.Intermediate
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)A mechanism that lets a program execute code on a remote system as if it were local; Microsoft RPC uses TCP port 135 for its endpoint mapper.Intermediate
Remote Process Invocation Fire and ForgetIntegration pattern where Salesforce sends a message to a remote system without waiting for processing to complete.Advanced
Remote Process Invocation Request and ReplyIntegration pattern where Salesforce calls a remote system and waits for the response before continuing.Advanced
Remote Site SettingsSetup list of external URLs that Apex callouts are allowed to reach when not using a named credential.Intermediate
Remote SPAN (RSPAN)SPAN that transports mirrored traffic across a Layer 2 network in a dedicated RSPAN VLAN to a remote switch.Advanced
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)A field device that interfaces sensors and equipment at remote sites with a SCADA master, often over long-distance communications.Intermediate
Remote WipeErasing data on a lost or stolen device remotely through MDM or a vendor service.Foundational
Remote-Triggered Black Hole (RTBH)A DDoS mitigation technique where a BGP-signaled route sends attack traffic to a discard (Null0) next hop at the network edge.Advanced
Rendezvous Point (RP)The PIM-SM router where sources and receivers meet; it roots the shared tree for a group.Intermediate
Repartition and CoalesceSpark methods that change partition counts: repartition() fully shuffles to increase or rebalance; coalesce() merges partitions without a full shuffle.Advanced
Repeatable ReadAn isolation level that guarantees rows read once will return the same values if read again in the same transaction.Advanced
RepeaterA Layer 1 device that regenerates and retransmits a signal to extend the distance a network can cover.Foundational
ReperformanceAuditor independently executes a control or procedure to verify it operates as described.Intermediate
ReplatformMigration strategy that makes a few cloud optimizations without changing core architecture, sometimes called lift, tinker and shift.Foundational
Replay AttackCapturing valid data transmissions, such as authentication tokens, and retransmitting them to gain unauthorized access.Intermediate
Replay IDOpaque identifier of an event's position in the event stream, used by subscribers to replay events.Advanced
ReplicaInstance of a Mule application running in CloudHub 2.0 or Runtime Fabric, scaled horizontally.Intermediate
Replica SetA group of MongoDB servers holding the same data, with one primary for writes and secondaries that replicate and can take over automatically.Intermediate
ReplicaSetA Kubernetes controller that maintains a stable set of identical pod replicas.Foundational
ReplicationCopying data continuously or frequently to another system or location to support availability and low RPO.Intermediate
ReportSaved query of records presented in rows and columns with filters, groupings, summaries and charts.Foundational
Report (ServiceNow)Visualization of data from a table or data source, such as list, bar, pie, pivot or single score.Foundational
Report FormatLayout of a Salesforce report: tabular, summary, matrix or joined.Foundational
Report on Compliance (ROC)Detailed PCI DSS assessment report documenting how each requirement is met, completed by a QSA or ISA.Intermediate
Report TypeTemplate defining which objects, relationships and fields are available when building a report.Foundational
Reported Distance (RD)The EIGRP metric a neighbor advertises for its own path to a destination; also called advertised distance.Intermediate
Reporting SnapshotFeature that stores report results on a schedule into a custom object for trend analysis.Intermediate
RepositoryA storage location that holds a project's files and their complete version history in a version control system.Foundational
Representational State Transfer (REST)An architectural style for web APIs that uses stateless HTTP requests on resources identified by URIs.Foundational
Reproducible BuildA build process that produces bit-for-bit identical output from the same source, allowing anyone to verify that a binary matches its source.Advanced
RepudiationA user or system denying that it performed an action because there is insufficient evidence to prove otherwise.Foundational
RepurchaseMigration strategy that replaces an existing application with a different product, typically a SaaS offering; also called drop and shop.Foundational
Request for Architecture WorkDocument sent from the sponsor to the architecture organization to trigger an ADM cycle.Intermediate
Request for Change (RFC)PRINCE2 issue type proposing a change to a baseline.Intermediate
Request for Comments (RFC)The IETF document series that publishes Internet standards, best practices and informational specifications.Foundational
Request to Send / Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)A control frame handshake that reserves the medium before a data transmission.Intermediate
Requested Item (RITM)Record (sc_req_item) for each item in a catalog request, tracking its fulfillment.Foundational
Required Status CheckA CI check that must pass before a pull request can be merged into a protected branch.Intermediate
Requirements Classification SchemaBABOK classification of requirements as business, stakeholder, solution (functional and non-functional), and transition requirements.Foundational
Requirements DocumentationDescription of how individual requirements meet the business need for the project.Foundational
Requirements Life Cycle ManagementBABOK knowledge area covering tracing, maintaining, prioritizing, assessing changes to, and approving requirements and designs.Intermediate
Requirements ManagementCentral, continuous ADM process that identifies, stores and feeds architecture requirements into and out of all phases.Foundational
Requirements Management PlanComponent of the project management plan describing how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed.Intermediate
Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM)A table that maps each requirement to its design elements and test cases to show it is implemented and verified.Intermediate
Requirements ValidationEnsuring requirements align with business requirements and deliver value to stakeholders.Intermediate
Requirements VerificationChecking that requirements and designs are of sufficient quality: complete, consistent, unambiguous, testable, and feasible.Intermediate
Requirements WorkshopStructured, facilitated meeting of key stakeholders to define, refine, prioritize, or reach closure on requirements.Foundational
RerankingRe-scoring an initial set of retrieved results with a more accurate model to put the most relevant first.Intermediate
Rescue ConfigurationA known-good Junos configuration saved by the administrator for recovery, loadable with rollback rescue.Foundational
ReservationA guaranteed minimum amount of CPU (MHz) or memory (MB) allocated to a VM or resource pool, alongside shares and limits.Intermediate
Reserve AnalysisTechnique comparing the remaining contingency reserves to the remaining risk to determine whether reserves are adequate.Intermediate
Reserved Instances (RI)AWS billing discount (up to about 72 percent) for committing to a specific instance configuration for 1 or 3 years.Foundational
Reset This PCA Windows recovery option that reinstalls Windows while keeping or removing personal files.Foundational
ResidualThe difference between an observed value and the value predicted by a model (y - ŷ).Intermediate
Residual ConnectionA skip connection that adds a layer's input to its output, easing gradient flow in deep networks.Advanced
Residual RiskRisk that remains after controls and treatments have been applied.Foundational
Resilience TestingTesting how a system tolerates and recovers from failures, load spikes, and degraded dependencies.Intermediate
Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)Spark's low-level, immutable, partitioned collection of objects that can be rebuilt from lineage after a failure.Intermediate
Resilient File System (ReFS)A Microsoft filesystem designed for data integrity and scale, using checksums and integration with Storage Spaces for automatic repair.Intermediate
Resource AccountA disabled Microsoft Entra ID user object used to give Teams auto attendants and call queues phone numbers and licensing.Intermediate
Resource ConsumptionAn indicator of malicious activity shown by unusual CPU, memory, disk, or bandwidth usage.Foundational
Resource Control Policy (RCP)AWS Organizations policy type that sets the maximum permissions on resources in member accounts, regardless of who requests access.Advanced
Resource GroupAzure logical container that holds related resources sharing a lifecycle, permissions and policies.Foundational
Resource HistogramA bar chart showing the amount of time a resource is scheduled to work over a series of periods.Intermediate
Resource LevelingResource optimization technique that adjusts start and finish dates to balance resource demand with supply.Intermediate
Resource LockAzure setting that prevents accidental deletion (CanNotDelete) or modification (ReadOnly) of subscriptions, resource groups or resources.Foundational
Resource Management (ServiceNow)SPM capability for planning and allocating people to projects and demands via resource plans.Advanced
Resource Management PlanComponent of the project management plan describing how team and physical resources are acquired, allocated, managed, and released.Foundational
Resource MonitorA Windows tool (resmon) that gives detailed real-time CPU, memory, disk, and network usage per process.Intermediate
Resource PoolA logical abstraction in vSphere that groups CPU and memory resources and applies shares, reservations and limits to its VMs.Intermediate
Resource PoolingNIST cloud characteristic: provider resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers in a multi-tenant model with location independence.Foundational
Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)A cryptographic system that lets networks validate that an AS is authorized to originate a prefix (route origin validation).Advanced
Resource QuotaA Kubernetes object that limits aggregate resource consumption and object counts within a namespace.Intermediate
Resource Requests and LimitsKubernetes settings that declare the minimum CPU/memory a container needs (requests) and the maximum it may use (limits).Intermediate
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)A signaling protocol (IP protocol 46) that reserves resources along a path, used by IntServ and MPLS TE.Advanced
Resource SmoothingResource optimization technique that adjusts activities within their float so resource requirements stay within limits without changing the critical path.Intermediate
Resource TaggingAttaching key-value metadata labels to cloud resources for cost allocation, automation, access control and organization.Foundational
Resource Unit (RU)A group of OFDMA subcarriers (tones) allocated to one user in an 802.11ax/be transmission.Intermediate
Resource-Based PolicyPolicy attached directly to a resource, such as an S3 bucket or KMS key, specifying which principals can access it.Intermediate
Response TimeHow quickly a display pixel changes from one color to another, measured in milliseconds.Foundational
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package or activity.Foundational
Responsible AIDeveloping and using AI in ways that are fair, reliable, safe, private, secure, transparent, accountable and inclusive.Foundational
Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP)Anthropic's framework that ties increasingly strict safety and security measures to AI Safety Levels (ASLs) based on model capability.Advanced
REST APISalesforce's HTTP/JSON API for CRUD, query and search operations on records and metadata descriptions.Foundational
REST API ExplorerBuilt-in tool to build and test REST requests against an instance and generate code samples.Foundational
RESTCONFAn HTTP-based protocol (RFC 8040) that provides a REST-like interface to YANG-modeled data, using XML or JSON over HTTPS.Intermediate
Restore PointA snapshot of Windows system settings and files used by System Restore.Foundational
Restore TestingRegularly verifying that backups can actually be restored and meet recovery objectives.Foundational
restoreconAn SELinux command that resets file security contexts to the defaults defined in policy.Advanced
Restriction RuleRule that filters which records a user can see within the records they already have access to.Advanced
Result CacheSnowflake's cloud-services cache of query results, reused for identical queries for 24 hours (extendable to 31 days) if the underlying data has not changed.Intermediate
RetainMigration strategy of keeping an application in its current environment for now, also called revisit.Foundational
RetireMigration strategy of decommissioning applications that are no longer needed rather than moving them.Foundational
RetransmissionResending TCP data that was not acknowledged within a timeout or was reported missing by duplicate ACKs.Intermediate
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)Retrieving relevant information from external sources at query time and adding it to the prompt so the model answers from it.Foundational
Retrospective TechniquesFacilitation formats for running retrospectives, such as Start-Stop-Continue, Sailboat, 4Ls, and Mad-Sad-Glad.Intermediate
Retry RateThe percentage of frames retransmitted because no acknowledgment was received.Intermediate
Return LossThe ratio in dB of forward power to reflected power caused by impedance mismatch.Advanced
Return on Investment (ROI)Ratio of net benefit to cost: (gain - cost) / cost, expressed as a percentage.Foundational
Return-Oriented Programming (ROP)A code-reuse exploitation technique that chains short existing instruction sequences ending in return instructions to bypass non-executable memory.Advanced
Reusable WorkflowA GitHub Actions workflow triggered by workflow_call that other workflows can invoke as a job.Advanced
Revenue CloudSalesforce product family for configure-price-quote, billing, contract lifecycle and revenue management.Intermediate
Reverberation Time (RT60)The time it takes for sound in a room to decay by 60 dB after the source stops.Intermediate
Reverse DNS Lookup (rDNS)Resolving an IP address back to a host name by querying PTR records.Intermediate
Reverse EngineeringAnalyzing software to understand its design and behavior, typically by disassembling or decompiling compiled code.Advanced
Reverse ETLSyncing modeled data from the warehouse back into operational tools such as CRM, marketing and support systems.Intermediate
Reverse Path Forwarding Check (RPF)The multicast loop-prevention check that accepts a packet only if it arrives on the interface the router would use to reach the source (or RP).Intermediate
Reverse ProxyA proxy that sits in front of servers and accepts client requests on their behalf, often providing TLS termination, caching and load balancing.Intermediate
Reverse TabnabbingAn attack in which a page opened via a link with target=_blank uses window.opener to redirect the original tab to a phishing page.Advanced
REVOKE StatementThe DCL statement that removes previously granted privileges from a user or role.Foundational
Reward FunctionThe signal that tells a reinforcement learning agent how good an action or outcome was.Intermediate
Reward HackingWhen an AI system exploits flaws in its reward signal to score highly without doing the intended task.Advanced
Reward ModelA model trained to score outputs according to human or AI preferences, used to guide RL fine-tuning.Advanced
RF ConnectorA coaxial connector such as N-type, RP-SMA, RP-TNC, or SMA used between radios, cables, and antennas.Intermediate
RF TagA Catalyst 9800 object that assigns RF profiles for each band to APs.Advanced
RFC 4594 Service ClassesIETF configuration guidelines that map application classes such as VoIP, video, signaling and bulk data to recommended DSCP values.Advanced
RFC 4733 Telephone EventsAn RTP payload format that carries DTMF digits and other telephony events as named events in the media stream (formerly RFC 2833).Intermediate
RFID Badge CloningCopying the data from an access badge's RFID credential to create a working duplicate.Intermediate
RG-6A 75-ohm coaxial cable with a thicker conductor and better shielding than RG-59, the standard for cable TV and broadband.Foundational
RIB GroupA Junos mechanism to install routes from a protocol or interface into multiple routing tables simultaneously.Advanced
Ribbon CableA flat multi-conductor cable used to connect internal laptop and device components.Foundational
RID MasterThe domain-wide FSMO role that allocates pools of relative IDs (RIDs) to DCs for building unique security identifiers.Intermediate
RIGHT OUTER JOINA join that returns every row from the right table plus matching rows from the left, with NULLs where no match exists.Foundational
Right to Audit ClauseContract provision allowing a customer or regulator to audit a vendor's controls, records, and facilities.Intermediate
Right to Data PortabilityGDPR right to receive personal data in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format and transmit it to another controller.Intermediate
Right to ErasureGDPR right of individuals to have their personal data deleted in certain circumstances; also called the right to be forgotten.Foundational
Right to ObjectGDPR right to object to processing based on legitimate interests or public task, and absolutely to direct marketing.Intermediate
Right to Opt Out of Sale or SharingUS state privacy right allowing consumers to stop businesses from selling their personal information or sharing it for targeted advertising.Intermediate
RightsizingMatching resource types and sizes to actual workload requirements to eliminate waste while maintaining performance.Foundational
Ring TopologyA topology in which each device connects to two neighbors, forming a closed loop through which data travels.Foundational
RIP Version 2 (RIPv2)Classless RIP that carries subnet masks, supports authentication and multicasts updates to 224.0.0.9.Foundational
RIPngRIP next generation: the IPv6 version of RIP, using UDP port 521 and multicast FF02::9.Intermediate
RISE with SAPSAP's bundled offering for migrating to S/4HANA Cloud Private Edition with infrastructure, BTP credits and tools.Foundational
Riser-Rated Cable (CMR)Cable rated to resist vertical fire spread, used in vertical shafts between floors that are not air-handling spaces.Intermediate
RiskThe combination of the likelihood of an event and its impact on objectives; in security, a threat exploiting a vulnerability to harm an asset.Foundational
Risk AcceptanceFormal decision by an authorized risk owner to tolerate a risk without further treatment.Foundational
Risk AnalysisProcess of comprehending the nature of risk and determining its level by considering likelihood and impact.Foundational
Risk AppetiteBroad amount and type of risk an organization is willing to pursue or retain to achieve its objectives.Foundational
Risk AssessmentOverall process of risk identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation.Foundational
Risk AttitudeThe disposition of an individual or organization toward uncertainty, such as risk-averse, risk-neutral, or risk-seeking.Intermediate
Risk AuditAn examination of the effectiveness of the risk management process and risk responses.Advanced
Risk AvoidanceEliminating a risk by not starting or by discontinuing the activity that creates it.Foundational
Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)A hierarchical representation of potential sources of risk.Intermediate
Risk CapacityMaximum amount of risk an organization can absorb before its viability or objectives are seriously threatened.Intermediate
Risk Data Quality AssessmentTechnique for evaluating the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of data about individual risks.Advanced
Risk EvaluationComparing analyzed risk levels against risk criteria to decide which risks need treatment and in what priority.Intermediate
Risk ExceptionFormally approved, time-limited deviation from a policy or standard with documented risk acceptance.Intermediate
Risk Executive FunctionOrganizational role or group in NIST guidance that provides a holistic, enterprise view of risk.Advanced
Risk FramingEstablishing the context, assumptions, constraints, tolerances, and priorities for risk decisions.Advanced
Risk Heat MapVisual matrix plotting risks by likelihood and impact, using color to show severity.Foundational
Risk IdentificationProcess of finding, recognizing, and describing risks that could affect objectives.Foundational
Risk IT FrameworkISACA framework addressing IT-related business risk, organized into risk governance, risk evaluation, and risk response domains.Advanced
Risk Management (TOGAF)TOGAF technique classifying and mitigating architecture risks, distinguishing initial (before mitigation) and residual (after mitigation) risk.Advanced
Risk Management Framework (RMF)NIST SP 800-37 process for managing security and privacy risk of federal information systems in seven steps.Intermediate
Risk Management PlanComponent of the project management plan describing how risk management activities will be structured and performed.Foundational
Risk MitigationRisk treatment that reduces likelihood or impact by implementing controls.Foundational
Risk OwnerPerson or entity with the accountability and authority to manage a risk, including accepting it.Foundational
Risk Priority Number (RPN)FMEA score calculated as severity x occurrence x detection.Intermediate
Risk ProfileSnapshot description of the overall set of risks an organization or unit faces at a point in time.Intermediate
Risk RegisterCentral record of identified risks with their analysis, owners, treatment, and status.Foundational
Risk Register (IRM)Catalog of identified risks linked to entities, with inherent, residual and target assessments.Intermediate
Risk RejectionIgnoring or denying the existence of a risk; an unacceptable response distinct from acceptance.Intermediate
Risk ReportProject document summarizing information on individual project risks and the level of overall project risk.Intermediate
Risk ScenarioDescription of a plausible event in which a threat exploits a vulnerability to cause a specific business impact.Intermediate
Risk StatementLibrary entry describing a type of risk, used to generate risks for in-scope entities.Advanced
Risk ThresholdSpecific measurable level of risk or uncertainty at which a response, escalation, or decision is triggered.Intermediate
Risk ToleranceAcceptable variation around objectives or risk appetite for a specific risk or category.Foundational
Risk TransferenceShifting the financial impact of a risk to a third party, such as through insurance or contracts.Foundational
Risk TreatmentSelecting and implementing options to modify risk: mitigate, transfer, avoid, or accept.Foundational
Risk Treatment PlanDocument describing how identified risks will be treated, by whom, with what resources, and by when.Intermediate
Risk TriggerAn event or condition indicating that a risk is about to occur or has occurred.Foundational
Risk UrgencyA risk parameter indicating how soon a response must be implemented to be effective.Advanced
Risk-Based Alerting (RBA)A detection approach that assigns risk scores to entities for suspicious observations and alerts only when cumulative risk exceeds a threshold.Advanced
Risk-Based Audit ApproachAudit planning approach that focuses resources on areas of highest risk.Foundational
Risk-Based AuthenticationAdjusting authentication requirements dynamically based on the calculated risk of each sign-in.Intermediate
Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4)Legacy stream cipher once used in WEP, WPA-TKIP, and SSL/TLS, now prohibited due to biases.Intermediate
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)Asymmetric algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring large integers, used for encryption and digital signatures.Foundational
rm CommandA Linux/macOS command that deletes files and, with -r, directories.Foundational
RMF Assess StepRMF step where an assessor determines whether controls are implemented correctly, operating as intended, and producing desired outcomes.Intermediate
RMF Authorize StepRMF step in which a senior official decides whether the residual risk of operating a system is acceptable.Intermediate
RMF Categorize StepRMF step that determines a system's security category based on impact of loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.Intermediate
RMF Implement StepRMF step in which selected controls are put in place and implementation details documented.Intermediate
RMF Monitor StepRMF step maintaining ongoing awareness of system security and privacy posture to support risk decisions.Intermediate
RMF Prepare StepRMF step establishing context and priorities at organization and system levels before categorization.Intermediate
RMF Select StepRMF step in which controls are chosen, tailored, and documented in security and privacy plans.Intermediate
ROAMSAFe technique for categorizing risks during PI Planning: Resolved, Owned, Accepted, or Mitigated.Intermediate
RoamingA client moving its association from one AP to another in the same ESS while keeping connectivity.Foundational
Roaming ProfileA Windows user profile stored on a server and downloaded to whichever domain computer a user signs in to.Intermediate
Robust File Copy (robocopy)A Windows command-line tool for reliable, resumable file and folder copying with mirroring.Intermediate
Robust Security Network (RSN)An 802.11i network that allows only RSN associations using the 4-way handshake and CCMP/GCMP.Intermediate
ROC CurveReceiver Operating Characteristic curve: a plot of true positive rate against false positive rate across thresholds.Intermediate
Rogue Access PointAn unauthorized wireless access point connected to a network, bypassing perimeter security.Foundational
Rogue DHCP ServerAn unauthorized DHCP server that hands out incorrect addressing, causing outages or enabling on-path attacks.Intermediate
RoleNamed set of permissions, such as itil, admin or catalog_admin, granted to users and groups and checked by ACLs and modules.Foundational
Role HierarchyHierarchy of roles that grants users access to records owned by or shared with users below them.Foundational
Role PromptingAssigning the model a persona or expertise in the prompt to shape its tone and focus.Foundational
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)The Kubernetes authorization mode that grants permissions through Roles/ClusterRoles bound to users, groups, or service accounts.Intermediate
Role-Playing DimensionA single physical dimension referenced several times by a fact table in different roles, such as Date as Order Date and Ship Date.Intermediate
Roll ForwardFixing a failed release by deploying a new corrective version rather than reverting to the previous one.Intermediate
Roll-UpAggregating data to a higher, less detailed level of a hierarchy, such as City to Country; the opposite of drill-down.Foundational
Roll-Up Summary FieldField on a master record that calculates COUNT, SUM, MIN or MAX from related detail records.Foundational
RollbackReverting a system to a previous known-good version after a failed or problematic change.Foundational
ROLLBACK StatementThe TCL command that undoes all uncommitted changes in the current transaction, or back to a savepoint.Foundational
Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)Probability that a unit passes through all process steps defect-free: the product of each step's first-pass yield.Advanced
Rolling DeploymentA release strategy that gradually replaces instances of the old version with the new version in batches.Foundational
Rolling Wave PlanningIterative planning technique in which near-term work is planned in detail while future work is planned at a higher level.Intermediate
Rollover CableA cable with pins reversed end to end (1 to 8, 2 to 7 and so on), used to connect a computer serial port to a network device console port.Foundational
ROLLUP and CUBEGROUP BY extensions that add subtotal rows: ROLLUP for hierarchical subtotals and CUBE for every combination of the grouping columns.Advanced
Room CombiningAutomatically reconfiguring audio, video and control when divisible rooms are joined or separated by moveable walls.Intermediate
RoomOSThe operating system on Cisco collaboration devices such as Room Bar, Room Kit, Board and Desk series.Intermediate
Root Access Point (RAP)The mesh AP with a wired connection that serves as the gateway for wireless mesh APs.Advanced
Root AccountThe Linux superuser account with UID 0 that bypasses normal permission checks.Foundational
Root and Jailbreak DetectionMobile app checks that determine whether a device has been rooted (Android) or jailbroken (iOS), indicating weakened platform security.Intermediate
Root BridgeThe switch with the lowest bridge ID, which acts as the reference point of the STP topology; all its ports are designated.Foundational
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)A structured investigation to identify the underlying causes of an incident so they can be eliminated.Foundational
Root Certificate Authority (Root CA)The top-level CA in a hierarchy whose self-signed certificate is the trust anchor for all subordinate certificates.Foundational
Root DirectoryThe top-level directory of the Linux filesystem tree, written as a single forward slash (/), from which every other path descends.Foundational
Root GuardAn STP feature that prevents a port from becoming a root port; superior BPDUs place it in root-inconsistent state.Intermediate
Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)The square root of MSE, expressing typical prediction error in the target's own units.Foundational
Root Name ServerThe servers at the top of the DNS hierarchy that answer queries with referrals to top-level domain servers.Intermediate
Root of Trust (RoT)Inherently trusted hardware or firmware component from which a chain of trust is built.Intermediate
Root Port (RP)The single port on each non-root switch with the lowest cost path to the root bridge.Foundational
Root UserThe AWS account's original identity, created with the sign-up email, that has unrestricted access to all resources and billing.Foundational
RootingGaining superuser (root) access on an Android device, bypassing built-in restrictions.Foundational
RootkitMalware that hides its presence and other malicious activity by subverting the operating system at a deep level.Intermediate
Rootless ContainerA container run by an unprivileged user, using user namespaces so root inside the container maps to a non-root host user.Advanced
ROUGERecall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation: n-gram and sequence overlap metrics for summarization.Intermediate
Rough Order of Magnitude Estimate (ROM)An early, low-accuracy estimate typically in the range of -25% to +75%.Foundational
Round Robin RouterRouter that sends each event to the next route in sequence, distributing load.Intermediate
Round-Trip Time (RTT)The time for a packet to travel to a destination and for the response to return.Foundational
Route 53 ResolverDNS resolver built into every VPC, with inbound and outbound endpoints for hybrid DNS resolution and DNS Firewall.Advanced
Route 53 Routing PoliciesRoute 53 options determining how DNS queries are answered: simple, weighted, latency, failover, geolocation, geoproximity, multivalue and IP-based.Intermediate
Route Distinguisher (RD)A 64-bit value prepended to an IPv4 prefix to make it a unique VPNv4 route, allowing overlapping customer addresses.Advanced
Route FilterA Junos policy match condition that selects routes by prefix and match type: exact, orlonger, longer, upto, through and prefix-length-range.Intermediate
Route Flap DampeningA BGP mechanism that suppresses routes that repeatedly flap by assigning penalties that decay over time.Advanced
Route Group (RG)A CUCM collection of gateways or trunks with a distribution algorithm of top-down or circular.Intermediate
Route LeakingSelectively copying routes between routing tables such as VRFs or IS-IS levels to allow controlled reachability.Advanced
Route List (RL)An ordered list of route groups that a CUCM route pattern points to, used for path selection and failover.Intermediate
Route MapAn ordered Cisco IOS policy construct of permit/deny sequences with match and set clauses, used for filtering, redistribution, PBR and BGP policy.Intermediate
Route Pattern (RP)A CUCM pattern that matches dialed digits and routes the call to a gateway, trunk or route list with optional digit manipulation.Foundational
Route Pattern WildcardsSpecial characters in CUCM patterns such as X, !, [ ], ., @, # and + that match ranges and lengths of digits.Intermediate
Route PoisoningAdvertising a failed route with an infinite metric so neighbors immediately remove it instead of waiting for it to age out.Intermediate
Route Policy Language (RPL)The IOS XR policy language using route-policy blocks with if/then/else logic and named sets instead of route maps.Advanced
Route PreferenceJunos term for administrative distance: a 0-4294967295 value where the lower preference wins between route sources.Intermediate
Route RedistributionInjecting routes learned from one routing source into another routing protocol.Intermediate
Route RefreshA BGP capability that lets a router ask a peer to resend its routes so new inbound policy can be applied without resetting the session.Intermediate
Route SummarizationAdvertising a single aggregate prefix that covers multiple more specific routes to reduce table size and contain instability.Intermediate
Route TagA numeric label attached to a route that carries through redistribution and can be matched by policy.Intermediate
Route Target (RT)A BGP extended community that controls which VRFs export and import VPN routes, enabling topologies like hub-and-spoke and extranet.Advanced
Routed PortA physical switch port converted to Layer 3 with no switchport, behaving like a router interface.Intermediate
RouterA Layer 3 device that forwards packets between different IP networks based on destination IP address and its routing table.Foundational
Router Advertisement (RA)An ICMPv6 type 134 message routers send periodically and in response to RS, advertising prefixes, the default gateway and configuration flags.Intermediate
Router ID (RID)A 32-bit identifier, written as an IPv4 address, that uniquely identifies a router within OSPF, EIGRP or BGP.Foundational
Router on a Stick (ROAS)Inter-VLAN routing using one router interface trunked to a switch with an 802.1Q subinterface per VLAN.Foundational
Router Solicitation (RS)An ICMPv6 type 133 message a host sends to ff02::2 asking routers to send a Router Advertisement immediately.Intermediate
RoutingClassifying an input and directing it to a specialized prompt, tool or model.Intermediate
Routing Engine (RE)The Junos control plane component that runs routing protocols, the CLI and management, and builds the forwarding table.Foundational
Routing Information Base (RIB)The control-plane table holding the best routes chosen from all routing sources, used to build the forwarding table.Intermediate
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)A distance-vector IGP that uses hop count as its metric, with a 15-hop maximum and 30-second periodic updates.Foundational
Routing InstanceA Junos construct that creates a separate routing table and set of interfaces, with types including virtual-router, vrf, forwarding and evpn/mac-vrf.Intermediate
Routing Locator (RLOC)The LISP address of the tunnel router behind which an EID resides, typically a loopback in the underlay.Advanced
Routing TableThe router's table of best known paths to destination prefixes, built from connected, static and dynamic routing sources.Foundational
RowA single record in a table, holding one value (or NULL) for each column; called a tuple in relational theory.Foundational
Row Access PolicyA Snowflake Enterprise object that filters which rows a query returns based on the user's role or a mapping table.Advanced
Row ContextThe current row being evaluated in a DAX calculated column or iterator function such as SUMX or FILTER.Advanced
Row-Level FormulaReport formula evaluated for each record row, limited to one per report.Intermediate
Row-Level Security (RLS)Restricting which rows a user can see based on their identity or role, enforced by the data platform or semantic model.Intermediate
ROW_NUMBER FunctionA window function that assigns a unique sequential integer to rows within each partition according to the ORDER BY.Intermediate
RPM Package ManagerThe low-level package format and tool used by Red Hat, Fedora, SUSE and related Linux distributions.Foundational
RS-232 ControlSerial control of AV devices over a DB9 or terminal connection using transmit, receive and ground conductors.Foundational
RST FlagThe TCP reset flag that immediately aborts a connection or rejects a connection attempt to a closed port.Intermediate
RSVP-TERSVP extensions used to signal MPLS TE LSPs with explicit routes, bandwidth reservations and label distribution.Advanced
rsyncA Linux file synchronization tool that efficiently copies only changed data, locally or over SSH.Intermediate
rsyslogA widely used Linux syslog daemon that writes log messages to files and can forward them to remote log servers.Intermediate
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)The companion protocol to RTP that reports packet loss, jitter and round-trip time for a media session.Intermediate
Rule of 10s and 3sMental math shortcut: +3 dB doubles power, -3 dB halves it, +10 dB multiplies by 10, -10 dB divides by 10.Foundational
Rule of SevenControl chart heuristic: seven consecutive data points on one side of the mean indicate a non-random pattern.Intermediate
Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC)Access control model that applies global rules to all subjects, such as time-of-day or firewall rules.Foundational
Rules of Engagement (RoE)The document defining how a security test will be conducted: timing, targets, allowed techniques, contacts and limits.Foundational
RunbookA documented procedure describing how to perform a routine operational task or respond to a specific alert.Foundational
RunlevelA legacy SysV init operating mode (0-6) defining which services run; replaced by systemd targets on modern Linux.Foundational
RunnerA machine or container that executes CI/CD jobs, called a runner in GitHub Actions and GitLab and an agent in Azure Pipelines and Jenkins.Foundational
Running ConfigurationThe active configuration held in RAM on Cisco IOS devices, distinct from the startup configuration stored in NVRAM.Foundational
Running TotalA cumulative sum that adds each row's value to the total of all preceding rows in a defined order.Foundational
RuntAn Ethernet frame smaller than the 64-byte minimum, usually the result of collisions or faults.Intermediate
Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)Security technology embedded in an application's runtime that detects and blocks attacks in real time using application context.Intermediate
Runtime Container SecurityMonitoring running containers and hosts for anomalous or malicious behavior such as unexpected processes, file changes or network connections.Advanced
Runtime Fabric (RTF)MuleSoft container service for running Mule apps and gateways on customer-managed Kubernetes in cloud or on-premises.Advanced
Runtime ManagerAnypoint component for deploying, managing and monitoring Mule applications across runtime planes.Foundational

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