Certification terms: T

323 study terms starting with T.

323 terms

T-Shaped SkillsDeep expertise in one area combined with broad ability to contribute in other areas.Intermediate
T-Shirt SizingRelative estimation technique using sizes such as XS, S, M, L, and XL.Foundational
T.38The ITU-T standard for real-time fax relay over IP that converts fax signals into data packets rather than audio.Intermediate
T1 LineA North American digital circuit carrying 1.544 Mbps as 24 time-division channels of 64 Kbps.Foundational
T568AA TIA wiring standard for RJ45 terminations with pin order green-white, green, orange-white, blue, blue-white, orange, brown-white, brown.Foundational
T568BA TIA wiring standard for RJ45 terminations with pin order orange-white, orange, green-white, blue, blue-white, green, brown-white, brown.Foundational
Table AliasA short temporary name for a table in a query, used to qualify columns and required for self joins.Foundational
Table APIServiceNow REST API for CRUD operations on any table at /api/now/table/{tableName}.Intermediate
Table CalculationA Tableau calculation computed on the aggregated results in the view, such as running total, percent of total, rank, difference or moving average.Intermediate
Table ExtensionInheritance where a child table inherits all fields from its parent and adds its own.Intermediate
Table PartitioningDividing a large table into smaller physical pieces by a key such as date, while queries still see a single table.Intermediate
Tableau BridgeA Tableau client that connects Tableau Cloud to data behind a private network for live queries and extract refreshes.Advanced
Tableau CloudTableau's fully hosted SaaS analytics platform, formerly Tableau Online, managed by Salesforce.Intermediate
Tableau DesktopSalesforce's authoring application for connecting to data and building interactive worksheets, dashboards and stories.Foundational
Tableau ExtractA compressed snapshot of data saved in Tableau's .hyper format for fast performance and offline use.Intermediate
Tableau GroupA Tableau field that combines dimension members into higher-level categories, such as grouping misspellings or regions.Foundational
Tableau Order of OperationsTableau's filter and calculation sequence: extract, data source, context, Top N/FIXED, dimension, INCLUDE/EXCLUDE, measure, then table calc filters.Advanced
Tableau ParameterA user-controlled workbook variable (number, date, string or list) that can be referenced in calculations, filters, reference lines and bins.Intermediate
Tableau PermissionsCapabilities (View, Filter, Download, Web Edit and others) granted or denied to users and groups on projects, workbooks, views and data sources.Advanced
Tableau Prep BuilderTableau's visual data preparation tool for cleaning, shaping, joining, unioning, pivoting and aggregating data in flows.Intermediate
Tableau ProjectA folder-like container in a Tableau site that organizes content and carries permission rules.Advanced
Tableau PulseA Tableau Cloud feature that delivers personalized, AI-generated metric insights and digests to users in Slack, email and mobile.Advanced
Tableau RelationshipsTableau's logical-layer links between tables that defer join type and level of detail until analysis time ('noodles').Intermediate
Tableau ServerTableau's self-hosted platform for publishing, sharing, governing and refreshing workbooks and data sources.Intermediate
Tableau Services Manager (TSM)The web UI and command-line tool for installing, configuring, scaling, backing up and maintaining Tableau Server.Advanced
Tableau SetA custom field defining a subset of dimension members, IN or OUT, based on selection, a condition or Top N.Intermediate
Tableau SiteAn isolated tenant on Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud with its own users, groups, projects and content.Advanced
Tableau StoryA sequence of Tableau sheets or dashboards (story points) arranged to walk an audience through a narrative.Foundational
Tabletop Exercise (TTX)A discussion-based exercise in which participants walk through a simulated incident scenario to test plans and roles.Foundational
Tacit KnowledgePersonal knowledge such as beliefs, insights, experience, and know-how that is difficult to articulate and share.Intermediate
Tactical Threat IntelligenceIntelligence describing adversary tactics, techniques and procedures, used by defenders to improve detections and controls.Intermediate
Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP)The patterns of adversary behavior: tactics are goals, techniques are methods and procedures are specific implementations.Intermediate
Tail DropThe default congestion behavior where packets arriving at a full queue are discarded.Foundational
Tail-End Hop-Off (TEHO)Routing a PSTN call over the private WAN to the gateway closest to the destination so it leaves as a local or cheaper call.Advanced
TailgatingGaining physical access by following an authorized person through a secured entrance without their knowledge.Foundational
Tailor to Suit the ProjectPRINCE2 principle that the method is adapted to the project's environment, size, complexity, importance, capability, and risk.Intermediate
TailoringDeliberate adaptation of the approach, governance, and processes to suit the project's context.Intermediate
Taints and TolerationsA Kubernetes mechanism where node taints repel pods unless the pods have matching tolerations.Intermediate
Takt TimeThe rate at which products must be completed to meet customer demand: available production time divided by customer demand.Intermediate
TamperingUnauthorized modification of data, code or configuration in transit, at rest or in memory.Foundational
tarThe Linux tape archive utility that bundles files and directories into a single archive, optionally compressed.Foundational
Target ArchitectureDescription of a future state of the architecture being developed for an organization.Foundational
Target Beacon Transmission Time (TBTT)The scheduled time at which an AP intends to transmit a beacon.Advanced
Target Wake Time (TWT)An 802.11ax power-saving feature in which client and AP negotiate scheduled wake times.Intermediate
Targeted LDP (T-LDP)An LDP session between non-adjacent routers using unicast hellos, used for pseudowires and remote LFA.Advanced
Targeted Risk Analysis (TRA)PCI DSS v4 risk analysis used to justify the frequency of certain controls or to support customized approach controls.Advanced
Task ManagerA Windows utility that shows running processes, performance, startup apps, users, and services.Foundational
Task SchedulerA Windows tool (taskschd.msc) for running programs or scripts automatically on triggers or schedules.Foundational
Task TableCore parent table (task) providing common fields like number, state, assigned to, assignment group and SLAs for work records.Foundational
TCP Connection TerminationThe FIN and ACK exchange (usually four segments) that gracefully closes a TCP connection in each direction.Intermediate
TCP FlagsSingle-bit control fields in the TCP header (SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, PSH, URG, ECE, CWR) that signal connection state and handling.Intermediate
TCP Global SynchronizationA condition where many TCP flows experience drops simultaneously, all reduce their windows, then ramp up together, causing oscillating link utilization.Intermediate
TCP/IP ModelThe four-layer model of the Internet protocol suite: Link (Network Access), Internet, Transport and Application.Foundational
tcpdumpA command-line packet capture tool for Unix-like systems.Intermediate
Team CharterDocument recording team values, agreements, and operating guidelines.Foundational
Teams Admin Center (TAC)The Microsoft web portal for administering Teams users, policies, phone numbers, devices, meetings and voice features.Foundational
Teams Auto AttendantA Teams Phone feature that answers calls with menus, directory search and business-hour routing using a resource account.Intermediate
Teams Call QueueA Teams Phone feature that holds callers with music and greetings and distributes them to agents using routing methods.Intermediate
Teams Calling PolicyA Teams policy that controls calling features such as private calls, call forwarding, simultaneous ring, voicemail and delegation.Intermediate
Teams Cloud VoicemailThe Teams voicemail service that stores messages in users' Exchange Online mailboxes with optional transcription.Foundational
Teams Dial PlanA Teams policy containing normalization rules that translate user-dialed strings into E.164 numbers.Intermediate
Teams Media Port RangesMicrosoft's recommended Teams client source ports and DSCP values for audio, video and screen sharing QoS.Intermediate
Teams Phone MobileA Teams Phone option where a user's mobile carrier SIM number is also their Teams phone number.Intermediate
Technical ControlControl implemented through hardware, software, or firmware that enforces security automatically.Foundational
Technical DebtThe implied future cost of rework caused by choosing quick or limited solutions now instead of better approaches.Foundational
Technical Threat IntelligenceSpecific, machine-readable indicators such as malicious IPs, domains, URLs and file hashes.Intermediate
TektonA Kubernetes-native open-source framework for building CI/CD pipelines using custom resources such as Task and Pipeline.Advanced
Telemetry Subscription ModesThe ways telemetry sessions are established and data is sent: dial-in vs dial-out, and periodic vs on-change.Advanced
Telephony Class of ServiceIn telephony, the set of destinations and features a user or device is allowed to reach, enforced with partitions and CSSs.Foundational
Telephony Denial of Service (TDoS)An attack that floods a phone system or number with calls to make it unavailable to legitimate callers.Intermediate
TelePresenceHigh-quality video conferencing designed to create the feeling of being in the same room, often with life-size images.Foundational
TelnetA legacy protocol for remote command-line access over TCP port 23 that sends everything, including passwords, in clear text.Foundational
TemperatureAn inference parameter that scales randomness in token selection; low values are more deterministic, high values more creative.Foundational
TEMPESTStandards and techniques for limiting compromising electromagnetic emanations from electronic equipment.Advanced
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)Interim WPA encryption protocol that wrapped RC4 with per-packet keys and a MIC; now deprecated.Intermediate
Temporary ProfileA Windows profile loaded when a user's normal profile cannot be loaded, with changes lost at sign-out.Intermediate
Temporary TableA table that exists only for the duration of the user's session and is visible only to that session.Intermediate
Tenant IsolationControls that keep one cloud customer's compute, network and data separate and inaccessible to other tenants.Advanced
TensorA multi-dimensional array of numbers, the core data structure in deep learning frameworks.Foundational
Tensor CoreSpecialized NVIDIA GPU units that accelerate matrix multiply-accumulate operations used in deep learning.Intermediate
Tensor ParallelismSplitting individual layers' weight matrices across GPUs so each computes part of every operation.Advanced
Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)Google's custom ASIC for accelerating neural network training and inference, available on Google Cloud.Intermediate
TensorFlowAn open-source machine learning framework from Google, with Keras as its high-level API.Foundational
TensorRTNVIDIA's SDK for optimizing trained models into high-performance inference engines.Intermediate
TensorRT-LLMNVIDIA's open-source library for optimized LLM inference on NVIDIA GPUs.Advanced
Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (TACACS+)Cisco-developed AAA protocol over TCP 49 that encrypts the full payload and separates authentication, authorization, and accounting.Foundational
Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM)Hardware memory that matches on 0, 1 or don't-care bits, used for ACLs, QoS and longest-prefix route lookups.Advanced
TerraformHashiCorp's infrastructure as code tool that provisions resources across many providers using declarative HCL configuration.Foundational
terraform importBringing existing infrastructure under Terraform management by recording it in state.Advanced
Terraform ModuleA reusable container of Terraform resources; every configuration is a root module that can call child modules.Intermediate
Terraform OutputA value exported from a Terraform module, shown after apply and accessible to parent modules or via terraform output.Foundational
Terraform PlanThe Terraform command that compares configuration with state and real infrastructure to show proposed create, update, and destroy actions.Foundational
Terraform ProviderA plugin that lets Terraform interact with an API, such as AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, Kubernetes, or network platforms.Intermediate
Terraform RegistryHashiCorp's public catalog of Terraform providers and modules at registry.terraform.io.Foundational
Terraform StateThe file (terraform.tfstate) in which Terraform records the mapping between configuration and real resources, plus metadata.Intermediate
Terraform VariableAn input variable declared with a variable block that parameterizes Terraform configurations and modules.Intermediate
Terraform WorkflowThe core Terraform lifecycle: write configuration, then init, plan, apply, and eventually destroy.Foundational
Terraform WorkspaceNamed instances of state for the same configuration, allowing multiple environments from one working directory.Intermediate
Territorial Scope of GDPRGDPR Article 3 rules defining when GDPR applies, including to non-EU organizations.Intermediate
Test DataAuditor-prepared transactions processed through an application to verify controls and logic.Advanced
Test Data FactoryReusable @isTest utility class that creates test records consistently for test methods.Intermediate
Test DatasetData kept completely separate until the end to measure a final model's generalization performance.Foundational
Test PyramidA testing strategy model recommending many fast unit tests, fewer integration tests, and very few end-to-end tests.Intermediate
Test-Driven Development (TDD)A development practice of writing a failing test first, writing just enough code to pass it, then refactoring (red-green-refactor).Intermediate
Test-Time ComputeAdditional computation spent during inference, such as longer reasoning or multiple samples, to improve answer quality.Advanced
Test.startTestTest method pair (Test.startTest and Test.stopTest) that gives the code under test a fresh set of governor limits and runs async work synchronously at stopTest.Intermediate
TestSetup MethodMethod annotated @testSetup that creates common test data once per test class, rolled back after each test method sees a fresh copy.Intermediate
Text Record (TXT)A DNS record that holds arbitrary text, widely used for domain verification and email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).Foundational
Text-to-ImageGenerating images from natural-language descriptions.Foundational
Text-to-Speech (TTS)Generating natural-sounding spoken audio from text.Foundational
The Sleuth Kit (TSK)A collection of open-source command-line tools for file system forensic analysis.Advanced
theHarvesterAn OSINT tool that gathers emails, subdomains, hosts and names from public sources such as search engines and certificate logs.Foundational
Theory of Constraints (TOC)Management philosophy by Eliyahu Goldratt holding that every system is limited by at least one constraint.Advanced
Thermal Design Power (TDP)The rated heat output, in watts, a cooling system must dissipate for a processor under typical sustained load.Intermediate
Thermal PadA soft, pre-formed thermally conductive pad used between components and heat sinks where gaps are larger.Intermediate
Thermal PasteA thermally conductive compound applied between a processor and heat sink to fill air gaps.Foundational
Thermal PrinterA printer that uses heat on special heat-sensitive paper (direct thermal) or a ribbon (thermal transfer).Foundational
Thermal ThrottlingAutomatic reduction of processor speed to prevent damage when temperature limits are reached.Foundational
Thick ProvisioningAllocating the full storage capacity for a volume or virtual disk at creation time.Intermediate
Thin ProvisioningAllocating storage capacity on demand as data is written rather than reserving the full size upfront.Foundational
Third Normal Form (3NF)A table is in 3NF when it is in 2NF and no non-key column depends on another non-key column (no transitive dependencies).Intermediate
Third-Party Assessment Organization (3PAO)Independent organization accredited by A2LA to perform FedRAMP security assessments.Intermediate
Third-Party Risk Management (TPRM)Discipline of identifying, assessing, mitigating, and monitoring risks from vendors, suppliers, and other external parties.Foundational
ThreadAn IPv6-based low-power mesh protocol over 802.15.4 using 6LoWPAN, used as a transport for Matter.Advanced
ThreatAny potential cause of an unwanted incident that may harm an asset, such as an actor, event, or circumstance.Foundational
Threat ActorAn individual or group that carries out or intends to carry out malicious activity against an organization's systems or data.Foundational
Threat Actor MotivationThe underlying reason a threat actor attacks, such as financial gain, espionage, ideology, revenge, disruption or war.Foundational
Threat FeedA continuous stream of threat data, typically indicators of compromise, delivered for integration into security tools.Foundational
Threat HuntingProactively searching for threats that have evaded existing detections, based on hypotheses, intelligence or analytics.Intermediate
Threat IntelligenceServiceNow application that manages indicators of compromise and threat feeds, enriching security incidents.Intermediate
Threat Intelligence LifecycleThe cyclical process for producing intelligence: requirements, collection, processing, analysis, dissemination and feedback.Intermediate
Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP)A system that aggregates, normalizes, scores and distributes threat intelligence to security tools and teams.Intermediate
Threat Model Data Flow Diagram (DFD)A diagram of processes, data stores, external entities, data flows and trust boundaries used as the basis for threat modeling.Intermediate
Threat ModelingStructured process of identifying threats, attack paths, and mitigations for a system during design.Intermediate
Threat Modeling as CodeDefining system models and threat rules in code or structured files stored with the application, so threat models are versioned and generated automatically.Advanced
Threat VectorThe path or means by which a threat actor gains access to a target, such as email, removable media or vulnerable software.Foundational
Threat-Led Penetration Testing (TLPT)An intelligence-driven red team test that emulates the tactics of real threat actors relevant to an organization against live production systems.Advanced
Three Lines ModelIIA model describing governance roles: management (first and second lines), internal audit (third line), and the governing body.Intermediate
Three Pillars of ObservabilityThe three primary telemetry types used for observability: metrics, logs, and traces.Foundational
Three Ways of DevOpsThe principles from The Phoenix Project and The DevOps Handbook: flow, feedback, and continual learning and experimentation.Intermediate
Three-Level NamespaceAddressing tables as catalog.schema.table in Unity Catalog, or database.schema.object in Snowflake.Intermediate
Three-Point EstimatingTechnique that uses optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates to account for uncertainty.Foundational
Three-Point LightingA lighting method using key, fill and back lights to illuminate a subject evenly and separate it from the background.Foundational
Three-Tier ArchitectureA hierarchical campus design with core, distribution and access layers, each with distinct roles.Intermediate
Three-Valued Logic (3VL)SQL's logic system, in which conditions evaluate to TRUE, FALSE or UNKNOWN because of NULLs.Advanced
Three-Way HandshakeThe SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK exchange TCP uses to establish a connection and synchronize sequence numbers.Foundational
Three-Way MatchControl that compares purchase order, goods receipt and supplier invoice before approving payment.Intermediate
ThroughputThe actual rate of successful data delivery over a link or path, usually lower than the rated bandwidth.Foundational
Throw RatioA projector's throw distance divided by the image width, used to determine where to mount the projector.Foundational
ThunderboltAn Intel-developed interface over USB-C that combines PCIe, DisplayPort, and USB with high bandwidth.Intermediate
TIA-942The ANSI/TIA-942 telecommunications infrastructure standard for data centers covering cabling, spaces, redundancy and site design.Advanced
TIA/EIA-568 StandardThe TIA standard family for commercial building telecommunications cabling, defining cable categories, distances, pinouts and installation practices.Foundational
TIBER-EUThe European Central Bank's framework for Threat Intelligence-Based Ethical Red teaming of financial institutions.Advanced
Ticket TriageAssessing and categorizing new tickets to set priority and route them correctly.Foundational
Ticket-Granting Ticket (TGT)Kerberos ticket issued after initial authentication that is used to request service tickets.Advanced
Ticketing SystemSoftware that records, tracks, prioritizes, and reports on support incidents and requests.Foundational
Tidy DataHadley Wickham's data structure principle: each variable is a column, each observation is a row and each type of observational unit is a table.Intermediate
Tie LineA dedicated private trunk that connects two PBXs or call control systems at different sites.Foundational
Tiered Support ModelOrganizing IT support into levels (Tier 0-3) by complexity and expertise.Foundational
Time and Materials Contract (T&M)Hybrid contract with elements of fixed-price (unit rates) and cost-reimbursable (open total value).Foundational
Time Division Duplex (TDD)Sharing one frequency for uplink and downlink by alternating in time.Intermediate
Time ExceededICMP type 11 message sent when a packet's TTL reaches zero (code 0) or fragment reassembly times out (code 1).Intermediate
Time Intelligence FunctionsDAX functions such as TOTALYTD, SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR, DATEADD, DATESYTD and PARALLELPERIOD that compute values across periods.Advanced
Time MachinemacOS's built-in backup utility that keeps hourly, daily, and weekly snapshots on an external or network drive.Foundational
Time SeriesA sequence of observations recorded at successive points in time, often at regular intervals.Intermediate
Time Series DecompositionSeparating a time series into trend, seasonal and residual (irregular) components, additively or multiplicatively.Advanced
Time Series ForecastingPredicting future values of a variable from its historical, time-ordered observations.Intermediate
Time to First Token (TTFT)The latency between sending a request and receiving the first generated token.Intermediate
Time to Live (TTL)An 8-bit IPv4 header field decremented by each router; when it reaches zero the packet is discarded to prevent endless looping.Foundational
Time to Market (T2M)EBM Key Value Area expressing how quickly the organization can deliver new capabilities and learn from them.Advanced
Time TravelA Snowflake feature for querying, cloning or restoring data as it existed at any point within a retention period.Intermediate
Time Unit (TU)An 802.11 time measurement equal to 1,024 microseconds.Advanced
Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP)OTP algorithm (RFC 6238) that generates codes from a shared secret and the current time, typically every 30 seconds.Foundational
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)A technique that carries multiple channels on one circuit by giving each a fixed, repeating time slot.Foundational
Time-Domain Reflectometer (TDR)An instrument that sends a pulse down a copper cable and times reflections to locate breaks, shorts, kinks and impedance changes.Intermediate
Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU)A race condition in which a resource changes between the time it is checked and the time it is used.Intermediate
Time-of-Day RestrictionsAccess controls that limit when accounts can log in or resources can be used.Foundational
Time-of-Day RoutingA CUCM feature that makes partitions active only during defined time schedules, changing call routing by time and date.Intermediate
Time-Series Database (TSDB)A database optimized for timestamped measurements, offering fast ingestion, time-based compression, retention and windowed aggregation.Intermediate
TimeboxA fixed, maximum period of time for an activity or event.Foundational
Timeline AnalysisReconstructing the sequence of events in an incident by ordering timestamps from multiple artifacts.Intermediate
TimestompingAn anti-forensics technique that alters file timestamps to blend malicious files in or mislead investigators.Advanced
Timing AttackInferring secret information by measuring how long operations take.Advanced
TLS InspectionDecrypting, inspecting, and re-encrypting TLS traffic at a security device to detect hidden threats and data loss.Intermediate
tmpfsA Linux filesystem that stores files in virtual memory (RAM and swap), so its contents vanish at reboot.Intermediate
To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)The cost efficiency required on remaining work to meet a target: TCPI = (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC), or (BAC - EV) / (EAC - AC).Advanced
TOGAFThe Open Group Architecture Framework, an enterprise architecture methodology centered on the Architecture Development Method.Advanced
ToilManual, repetitive, automatable, tactical operational work that scales linearly with service growth and has no enduring value.Foundational
TokenThe basic unit of text an LLM processes, typically a word, subword, character or punctuation mark.Foundational
Token BucketThe algorithm policers and shapers use: tokens accumulate at the CIR and each transmitted byte consumes one token.Intermediate
Token PricingCharging for LLM usage per input and output token, often with separate rates for cached and batched tokens.Foundational
TokenizationReplacing sensitive data with a non-sensitive surrogate value (token) that maps back to the original via a secure vault.Intermediate
Tokenization (NLP)Splitting text into tokens that a model can convert to numeric IDs.Foundational
TokenizerThe component that converts text to token IDs and back, defined by its vocabulary and splitting rules.Intermediate
Tolerable Error RateMaximum error rate an auditor will accept while still concluding a control or balance is acceptable.Advanced
ToleranceThe permissible deviation above and below a plan's target before escalation is needed.Intermediate
Toll FraudUnauthorized use of a telephony system to place calls, usually expensive international or premium-rate calls, at the owner's expense.Intermediate
Tone Generator and ProbeA two-part tool for tracing cables: the generator puts a tone on a wire and the inductive probe detects it at the other end.Foundational
Toner CartridgeThe replaceable laser printer unit containing powdered toner, often combined with the drum.Foundational
Tool DefinitionThe name, description and JSON input schema that tell a model what a tool does and how to call it.Intermediate
Tool PoisoningAn attack that hides malicious instructions in tool or MCP server descriptions or outputs to manipulate an agent.Advanced
Tool UseA model's ability to request execution of external functions, APIs or programs and use their results.Foundational
Tooling APIAPI for fine-grained access to development metadata, used by IDEs and tools to query code, run tests and manage debug logs.Advanced
topAn interactive Linux utility that continuously displays processes, CPU, memory and load average.Foundational
Top-k SamplingSampling the next token only from the k most probable candidates.Intermediate
Top-Level Domain (TLD)The last label in a domain name, such as .com, .org or a country code such as .uk.Foundational
Top-N QueryA query that returns the N highest or lowest rows overall or per group.Intermediate
Top-of-Rack Switch (ToR)A switch installed at the top of each server rack, connecting the rack's servers with short cables and uplinking to aggregation or spine switches.Intermediate
Top-of-Rack Switching (ToR)A cabling design in which one or two access switches mounted in each rack connect that rack's servers with short cables.Foundational
Top-p SamplingNucleus sampling: choose the next token from the smallest set whose cumulative probability exceeds p.Intermediate
Topology Change Notification (TCN)An 802.1D BPDU sent toward the root when a port changes state, causing switches to shorten MAC aging to forward delay.Advanced
Topology HidingConcealing internal IP addresses, hostnames and network structure from external parties by rewriting signaling and relaying media.Intermediate
Topology-Independent Loop-Free Alternate (TI-LFA)A segment routing fast reroute method that provides 100 percent link, node and SRLG protection using the post-convergence path.Advanced
Tornado DiagramA bar chart used in sensitivity analysis that ranks variables by their effect on an outcome, with the largest at the top.Advanced
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)Full cost of owning and operating an IT system over its life, including hardware, facilities, power, staff and licensing.Foundational
Total FloatThe amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.Foundational
Total RiskThe amount of risk an organization faces before safeguards: threats x vulnerabilities x asset value.Intermediate
TouchpadA laptop pointing device that senses finger movement and gestures.Foundational
Toxicity DetectionTrust Layer feature that scores prompts and responses for harmful content and logs results for audit.Intermediate
TracerouteA tool that discovers the routers along the path to a destination by sending probes with increasing TTL values.Foundational
Traffic Indication Map (TIM)A beacon field indicating which power-saving stations have buffered unicast frames at the AP.Advanced
Traffic Light Protocol (TLP)A scheme for marking how widely shared threat information may be disseminated.Intermediate
Traffic MirroringCopying live production requests to a new service version for testing without affecting responses returned to users.Advanced
Train-Test SplitDividing a dataset into separate subsets for training and evaluation.Foundational
Training DatasetThe portion of data used to fit a model's parameters.Foundational
Transact-SQLMicrosoft's SQL dialect for SQL Server, Azure SQL, Synapse and Fabric Warehouse, with procedural extensions.Foundational
Transaction Control Language (TCL)The SQL commands that manage transactions: BEGIN/START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT.Foundational
Transaction Fact TableA fact table with one row per discrete event at the most atomic grain, such as each sale or each click.Intermediate
Transaction Isolation LevelA setting that defines which concurrency anomalies a transaction may see: Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read or Serializable.Intermediate
Transaction LogA sequential record of every change made by transactions, used for recovery, rollback and replication.Intermediate
Transaction Log BackupA backup of the transaction log records since the last log backup, enabling point-in-time recovery and freeing log space.Advanced
Transaction Security PolicyReal-time policy that intercepts events and can block actions, require MFA or notify admins.Advanced
Transactional EmailEmail facilitating an agreed-upon transaction or relationship, such as receipts or password resets, sent regardless of unsubscribe status.Foundational
Transactions (Mule)Mule support for local and XA transactions across transactional connectors like JMS, VM and Database.Advanced
TransceiverA device that both transmits and receives signals, typically a pluggable module converting electrical signals to optical or copper media.Foundational
Transcoder (XCODE)A DSP-based media resource that converts a media stream from one codec to another when endpoints share no common codec.Intermediate
Transfer Impact Assessment (TIA)Assessment of whether a destination country's laws and practices undermine protections of a transfer mechanism.Advanced
Transfer LearningReusing a model trained on one task as the starting point for a related task.Intermediate
Transfer RollerThe laser printer component that applies charge to paper so toner moves from the drum to the page.Intermediate
TransformAn Expressway rule that rewrites a dialed alias before search rules are applied, such as adding a domain to a bare number.Advanced
Transform MapField mappings and scripts that move data from an import set table to a target table.Intermediate
Transform MessageMule component that executes a DataWeave script to set payload, variables or attributes.Foundational
TransformerA neural network architecture based on self-attention that processes all tokens in a sequence in parallel; the basis of modern LLMs.Foundational
Transformer EngineNVIDIA hardware and software that dynamically manages FP8/FP4 precision to accelerate transformer models.Advanced
Transient TableA Snowflake table that persists until dropped but has no Fail-safe and at most 1 day of Time Travel, which lowers storage cost.Intermediate
Transit ASAn autonomous system that carries traffic between two other autonomous systems.Intermediate
Transition ArchitectureFormal description of an intermediate state of the architecture showing the enterprise at incremental stages toward the target.Intermediate
Transition RequirementsTemporary requirements describing capabilities needed to transition from the current state to the future state.Intermediate
Transitive DependencyAn indirect dependency in which a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute rather than directly on the key.Intermediate
Translation Pattern (TP)A CUCM pattern that manipulates calling or called digits and then re-routes the call using its own CSS.Intermediate
Translation WorkbenchSetup feature for maintaining translations of metadata like labels, picklist values and custom labels in supported languages.Intermediate
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)A connection-oriented Layer 4 protocol that provides reliable, ordered, error-checked delivery of a byte stream.Foundational
Transmit Beamforming (TxBF)Adjusting phase across multiple antennas so signals combine constructively at a specific receiver.Intermediate
Transmit Opportunity (TXOP)A bounded interval during which a station may send multiple frames after winning contention.Advanced
Transmit Power Control (TPC)Adjusting transmit power to reduce interference, defined by 802.11h and used by RRM algorithms.Intermediate
TransparencyOpenness about how an AI system works, its data, limitations and when people are interacting with AI.Foundational
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)Database feature that encrypts data and log files at rest without requiring application changes.Intermediate
Transport Layer (L4)OSI Layer 4, which provides host-to-host delivery, segmentation, port addressing and optionally reliability.Foundational
Transport Layer Security (TLS)The cryptographic protocol that secures application traffic with encryption, integrity and certificate-based authentication; successor to SSL.Foundational
Transport Layer Security 1.3 (TLS 1.3)Current TLS version (RFC 8446) with a faster handshake, mandatory forward secrecy, and only AEAD ciphers.Intermediate
Transport Locator (TLOC)A Cisco SD-WAN identifier of a WAN Edge transport attachment point: system IP, color and encapsulation.Advanced
Transposition CipherCipher that rearranges the order of plaintext characters without changing the characters themselves.Foundational
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN)A protocol (RFC 8656) in which a server relays media for endpoints that cannot connect directly through NAT or firewalls.Advanced
Traversal ZoneAn Expressway zone that links Expressway-C (client) and Expressway-E (server) through the firewall for signaling and media.Intermediate
TreemapA chart that displays hierarchical part-to-whole data as nested rectangles sized by value.Intermediate
Trend AnalysisTechnique examining project results over time to determine whether performance is improving or deteriorating.Foundational
Tri-Secret SecureA Business Critical feature that combines a Snowflake-maintained key and a customer-managed key in the cloud KMS into a composite master key.Advanced
TriageRapidly assessing alerts or incidents to determine validity, severity and priority for response.Foundational
Triage CollectionRapid acquisition of high-value forensic artifacts from a system instead of a full disk image.Advanced
TriggerProcedural code that runs automatically in response to INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE events (or DDL events) on a table.Intermediate
Trigger Context VariableImplicit variables such as Trigger.new, Trigger.old, Trigger.newMap, Trigger.isBefore and Trigger.isInsert available in triggers.Intermediate
Trigger FrameAn 802.11ax control frame that solicits and schedules simultaneous uplink transmissions from multiple clients.Advanced
Trigger Handler PatternDesign pattern placing trigger logic in a handler class, with one logic-less trigger per object.Advanced
TrikeA risk-based threat modeling methodology that starts from a requirements model of actors, assets and allowed actions.Advanced
TRIMAn OS command that tells an SSD which blocks are no longer in use so it can erase them in advance.Intermediate
Triple ConstraintThe classic model that scope, time, and cost are interdependent, with quality affected by all three.Foundational
Triple DES (3DES)Symmetric cipher applying DES three times (encrypt-decrypt-encrypt) to increase effective key strength.Foundational
TRITONICS malware discovered in 2017 that targeted Schneider Electric Triconex safety instrumented systems at a petrochemical plant.Advanced
Triton Inference ServerNVIDIA's open-source inference server (now Dynamo-Triton) for serving models from many frameworks on GPUs and CPUs.Intermediate
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)A simple, unauthenticated file transfer protocol using UDP port 69.Foundational
TrivyAn open-source security scanner from Aqua Security for container images, file systems, Git repositories, Kubernetes and IaC.Intermediate
Trojan HorseMalware disguised as legitimate software that performs hidden malicious actions once the user runs it.Foundational
True Positive (TP)An alert that correctly identifies real malicious activity.Foundational
TRUNCATE StatementA statement that quickly removes all rows from a table while keeping its structure, typically with minimal logging.Intermediate
Truncated AxisA y-axis that does not start at zero, exaggerating differences; misleading for bar charts but sometimes acceptable for line charts if clearly labeled.Foundational
Trunk PortA switch port that carries multiple VLANs over one link, identifying them with 802.1Q tags.Foundational
Trunk-Based DevelopmentA branching model where developers integrate small changes into a single main branch (trunk) at least daily.Intermediate
Trust BoundaryA point where data or execution passes between components with different levels of trust.Intermediate
Trust RelationshipA link between AD domains or forests that lets users in one be authenticated for resources in another.Advanced
Trust Services Criteria (TSC)AICPA criteria for security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy used in SOC 2 and SOC 3.Intermediate
Trust StoreCollection of trusted root CA certificates maintained by an operating system, browser, or application.Intermediate
Trust Verification Service (TVS)A CUCM service that phones contact to verify certificates not found in their ITL file.Advanced
Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information (TAXII)A protocol for exchanging cyber threat intelligence over HTTPS, designed to carry STIX data.Intermediate
Trusted Computing Base (TCB)All hardware, firmware, and software components critical to enforcing a system's security policy.Advanced
Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)Hardware-isolated area of a processor that protects code and data from the rest of the system, including the OS.Advanced
Trusted IP RangesOrg-level network access setting listing IP addresses from which users are not asked to verify identity.Foundational
Trusted Platform Module (TPM)Secure cryptoprocessor chip on a device that stores keys, measures boot integrity, and supports attestation.Foundational
Trusted TypesA browser security API that forces dangerous DOM sinks to accept only typed, policy-approved values, preventing DOM-based XSS.Advanced
Try ScopeScope that wraps processors with its own error handling and optional transaction.Foundational
TRY_CAST FunctionA conversion function that returns NULL instead of raising an error when the value cannot be converted.Intermediate
tstats CommandAn SPL command that performs fast statistical queries on indexed fields and accelerated data models.Advanced
Tuckman LadderModel of team development stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.Foundational
Tumbling WindowFixed-size, non-overlapping, contiguous time windows; each event belongs to exactly one window.Advanced
Tunable ConsistencyThe ability to choose, per operation or per account, how many replicas must acknowledge a read or write.Advanced
tunedA Linux daemon that applies performance profiles tuning CPU, disk and network settings for a workload.Intermediate
TuningAdjusting detection rules, thresholds and exclusions to improve alert accuracy.Intermediate
Tunnel Extensible Authentication Protocol (TEAP)An IETF tunneled EAP method (RFC 7170) supporting EAP chaining of machine and user authentication.Advanced
TunnelingEncapsulating one protocol's packets inside another protocol so they can cross a network that does not support them natively.Intermediate
Turbo ExtractData Mapper type that reads data from a single object (plus parent fields) with high performance and simple field selection.Intermediate
Twelve-Factor AppA methodology of twelve best practices for building portable, scalable, cloud-native software-as-a-service applications.Intermediate
Twisted Nematic (TN)An LCD panel type with very fast response times but narrow viewing angles and weaker color.Foundational
Twisted PairCopper cabling in which pairs of insulated wires are twisted together to cancel electromagnetic interference and crosstalk.Foundational
Two-Phase Commit (2PC)A protocol that coordinates a distributed transaction: participants first vote to prepare, then all commit or all abort.Advanced
Two-Rate Three-Color Marker (trTCM)A policer (RFC 2698) with CIR and PIR that colors traffic conform (green), exceed (yellow) or violate (red).Advanced
Two-Tailed TestA hypothesis test in which the alternative is non-directional (≠), splitting α across both tails of the distribution.Intermediate
TwofishSymmetric block cipher with a 128-bit block and keys up to 256 bits; an AES competition finalist.Intermediate
Type 1 HypervisorA bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on server hardware without a general-purpose host operating system.Foundational
Type 2 HypervisorA hosted hypervisor that runs as an application on top of a conventional operating system.Foundational
Type I ErrorRejecting a true null hypothesis: a false positive, with probability α.Intermediate
Type II ErrorFailing to reject a false null hypothesis: a false negative, with probability β.Intermediate
Type JugglingUnexpected behavior from loosely typed comparisons, such as PHP's == operator, that can bypass authentication or checks.Advanced
Type-Length-Value (TLV)An extensible encoding of a type code, length and value used by IS-IS, LLDP, BGP and other protocols.Advanced
TyposquattingRegistering domain names that are common misspellings or variants of legitimate domains to deceive users.Foundational

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