Certification terms: E

297 study terms starting with E.

297 terms

/etc DirectoryThe Linux directory holding host-specific, system-wide configuration files such as passwd, fstab, hosts and service configs.Foundational
/etc/fstabThe Linux file that lists filesystems to mount automatically at boot, with their devices, mount points, types and options.Foundational
/etc/groupThe Linux file that defines local groups, their GIDs and their supplementary members.Foundational
/etc/hostsA local Linux file mapping hostnames to IP addresses, checked before or instead of DNS according to nsswitch.conf.Foundational
/etc/passwdThe world-readable Linux file listing local user accounts with UID, GID, home directory and login shell.Foundational
/etc/resolv.confThe Linux resolver configuration file listing DNS nameservers and search domains.Foundational
/etc/shadowThe root-only Linux file that stores hashed user passwords and password aging information.Foundational
/etc/sudoersThe configuration file defining which users and groups may run which commands via sudo.Intermediate
E-DiscoveryThe process of identifying, preserving, collecting, reviewing and producing electronically stored information for legal proceedings.Intermediate
E-ModelThe ITU-T G.107 transmission planning model that calculates an R-factor from delay, loss and codec impairments to predict call quality.Advanced
E-WasteDiscarded electronic equipment that requires proper recycling and data sanitization.Foundational
E.164The ITU-T international public telephone numbering plan, with numbers of up to 15 digits beginning with a country code.Foundational
E.164 Pattern MapA CUBE voice class that lists many number patterns so one dial peer can match all of them.Advanced
Ear and Mouth Interface (E&M)An analog trunk interface, also called Receive and Transmit, used to tie PBXs together with separate signaling leads.Intermediate
Early MediaMedia exchanged before a call is answered, such as ringback tones or announcements, typically signaled by 183 Session Progress with SDP.Advanced
Early Offer (EO)A SIP call flow in which the initial INVITE contains the SDP offer, required by most service provider SIP trunks.Advanced
Early StoppingHalting training when validation performance stops improving to prevent overfitting.Intermediate
Earned Schedule (ES)Extension of EVM that measures schedule performance in time units rather than currency.Advanced
Earned Value (EV)The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.Foundational
Earned Value Management (EVM)Methodology that integrates scope, schedule, and resources to objectively measure project performance and progress.Foundational
Earth BulgeThe curvature of the earth that must be cleared on outdoor links longer than about 7 miles (11 km).Advanced
East-West TrafficTraffic that moves laterally between servers, workloads or devices within a data center or network.Intermediate
eBGP MultihopA BGP option that raises the TTL of eBGP packets so peers need not be directly connected, such as loopback peering.Intermediate
EBS SnapshotPoint-in-time, incremental backup of an EBS volume stored durably by AWS and usable to create new volumes in any AZ.Intermediate
EBS Volume TypesEBS options: SSD-backed gp3/gp2 and io2/io1, and HDD-backed st1 and sc1, each with different performance and price.Intermediate
EC2 Instance TypesNamed EC2 configurations of vCPU, memory, storage and networking grouped into families such as general purpose, compute and memory optimized.Intermediate
EC2 Placement GroupsEC2 feature controlling how instances are placed on underlying hardware: cluster, spread or partition.Advanced
EC2 User DataScript or cloud-init data passed to an EC2 instance that runs at first boot to bootstrap configuration.Intermediate
ECC QueueExternal Communication Channel table that queues messages between the instance and MID Servers.Advanced
Economies of ScaleCost advantage cloud providers gain from enormous purchasing and operating scale, passed to customers as lower prices.Foundational
Economy of MechanismSaltzer and Schroeder principle that security designs should be as simple and small as possible.Intermediate
Edge AIRunning AI inference on devices near the data source, such as cameras, robots or phones, rather than in the cloud.Intermediate
Edge ComputingProcessing data near where it is generated, such as on devices or local sites, instead of in a centralized cloud region.Foundational
Edge LocationProvider point of presence near end users used to cache content and terminate connections for CDN and DNS services.Foundational
Edge PortAn RSTP port connected to an end host that transitions directly to forwarding and generates no topology changes.Intermediate
Edge-Routed Bridging (ERB)An EVPN-VXLAN design in which inter-VXLAN routing (IRB gateways) is performed on the leaf switches.Advanced
Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)Deterministic signature scheme on twisted Edwards curves, most commonly Ed25519.Advanced
Effect SizeA measure of the magnitude of a difference or relationship, independent of sample size, such as Cohen's d or a correlation coefficient.Advanced
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)The highest signal strength radiated from an antenna: transmitter power minus cable loss plus antenna gain.Foundational
EFI System Partition (ESP)A small FAT32 partition on GPT disks that stores UEFI boot loaders.Advanced
Egress ChargesFees cloud providers charge for data transferred out of their network to the internet or across regions and zones.Foundational
Egress FilteringRestricting outbound network traffic from systems to only approved destinations and protocols.Intermediate
EIGRP AuthenticationMD5 or HMAC-SHA-256 authentication of EIGRP packets using key chains (MD5) or named-mode passwords.Intermediate
EIGRP Composite MetricEIGRP's metric calculated from bandwidth and delay by default, with optional load and reliability via K values.Intermediate
EIGRP Hello and Hold TimersEIGRP sends hellos every 5 seconds (60 on slow NBMA) and declares a neighbor down after the hold time (15 or 180 seconds).Intermediate
EIGRP Named ModeHierarchical EIGRP configuration that groups all IPv4 and IPv6 settings under address families in one process.Intermediate
EIGRP Packet TypesThe five EIGRP packet types: Hello, Update, Query, Reply and Acknowledgment (plus SIA-Query and SIA-Reply).Intermediate
EIGRP StubAn EIGRP router configured to advertise only selected routes and to be excluded from query propagation.Intermediate
EIGRP Summary RouteA manually configured EIGRP summary advertised out an interface, which installs a Null0 discard route with AD 5.Intermediate
EIGRP Topology TableThe EIGRP table storing all learned routes with their FD and RD, including successors and feasible successors.Intermediate
EIGRP VarianceAn EIGRP multiplier that allows feasible successors with an FD up to variance times the best FD to be used for load sharing.Intermediate
EIGRP Wide Metrics64-bit EIGRP metrics used in named mode to differentiate high-speed links, with a RIB scaling factor.Advanced
Einstein DiscoveryPredictive analytics feature that builds models on CRM Analytics data to explain outcomes and give predictions and improvements.Advanced
Einstein Send Time Optimization (STO)Marketing Cloud AI feature that sends each message at the time each contact is most likely to engage.Intermediate
Einstein Trust LayerSalesforce's security architecture that protects data and responses in generative AI features.Intermediate
Elastic IP Address (EIP)Static public IPv4 address allocated to an AWS account that can be remapped between instances or network interfaces.Foundational
Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)AWS managed service that distributes incoming traffic across targets in multiple AZs, including ALB, NLB and GWLB.Foundational
Elastic Network Interface (ENI)Virtual network card in a VPC that can have private and public IPs, security groups and a MAC address, and can move between instances.Intermediate
Elastic Stack (ELK)A log and search platform made up of Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, and Beats, commonly called the ELK stack.Foundational
ElasticityAbility of a system to automatically add and remove resources in near real time to match fluctuating demand.Foundational
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)Unwanted electrical noise from external sources, such as motors, fluorescent lights and power lines, that disrupts signals on copper cabling.Foundational
Electromagnetic LockLock that uses an electromagnet to hold a door closed, releasing when power is removed.Intermediate
Electromagnetic WaveA self-propagating wave of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling at the speed of light.Foundational
Electronic Codebook (ECB)Block cipher mode that encrypts each block independently, so identical plaintext blocks yield identical ciphertext.Intermediate
Electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI)Protected health information created, received, maintained, or transmitted in electronic form.Intermediate
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)The sudden flow of static electricity between objects that can damage electronic components.Foundational
Elevated RolePrivileged role, such as security_admin, that users must explicitly elevate to during a session.Advanced
Elevation ChartA polar chart showing an antenna's vertical (side view) radiation pattern.Intermediate
Elevation of Privilege (EoP)Gaining capabilities beyond those that were authorized, such as a normal user gaining administrative rights.Foundational
ElGamalAsymmetric encryption and signature scheme based on the discrete logarithm problem, an extension of Diffie-Hellman.Advanced
ElicitationDrawing out, exploring, and identifying information relevant to a change from stakeholders and other sources.Foundational
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)Public key cryptography based on elliptic curve math, offering strong security with short keys.Intermediate
Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)Diffie-Hellman key agreement performed with elliptic curve groups, providing equal security with smaller keys.Intermediate
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)Digital signature algorithm using elliptic curve cryptography, standardized in FIPS 186-5.Intermediate
Email StudioMarketing Cloud Engagement application for building, sending and tracking email campaigns.Foundational
Email-to-CaseFeature that converts inbound emails sent to support addresses into cases.Foundational
Embedded AnalyticsIntegrating dashboards and reports directly into other applications or portals.Intermediate
Embedded Audit Module (EAM)Audit code built into an application to capture selected transactions for auditor review.Advanced
Embedded SIM (eSIM)A programmable SIM built into a device that can download carrier profiles without a physical card.Foundational
Embedded System SecurityProtecting purpose-built computing devices with constrained resources, often running real-time operating systems and long-lived firmware.Intermediate
Embedded Wireless Controller (EWC)Catalyst 9800 controller software running on a Catalyst access point or switch for small deployments.Advanced
EmbeddingA dense numeric vector representing the meaning of text, images or other data so that similar items are close together.Foundational
Embedding ModelA model specialized in converting inputs into embedding vectors for search and similarity tasks.Intermediate
Emergency ChangeChange that must be implemented as soon as possible, such as to resolve a major incident, with expedited approval.Foundational
Emergency Location Identification Number (ELIN)A DID sent as the calling number on 911 calls so the PSAP can look up the caller's location and call back.Advanced
Emergency Response Location (ERL)A defined physical area, such as a floor or wing, that an emergency calling system uses to report a caller's location.Advanced
EmotetA modular malware family that evolved from a banking trojan into a major spam-distributed loader for other malware.Intermediate
Emotional Intelligence (EI)The ability to identify, assess, and manage one's own emotions and those of others and groups.Foundational
Empathy MapA collaborative visualization of what a user says, thinks, does, and feels.Intermediate
Empirical RuleThe 68-95-99.7 rule: in a normal distribution about 68%, 95% and 99.7% of values lie within 1, 2 and 3 standard deviations of the mean.Foundational
EmpiricismThe principle that knowledge comes from experience and decisions are based on what is observed.Foundational
Employee CenterUnified employee portal combining IT, HR and other departmental services, knowledge and content.Foundational
Employee Document ManagementHRSD application for storing, securing and applying retention policies to employee documents.Advanced
EnablerSAFe backlog item that supports future business functionality, such as exploration, architecture, infrastructure, or compliance work.Intermediate
Encapsulated Remote SPAN (ERSPAN)SPAN that encapsulates mirrored traffic in GRE so it can be routed across Layer 3 to a remote collector.Advanced
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)IPsec protocol (IP protocol 50) that provides confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and anti-replay.Intermediate
EncapsulationThe process of each layer wrapping data from the layer above with its own header (and sometimes trailer) as it moves down the stack.Foundational
Encoded QueryString representation of a filter, such as active=true^priority=1, used in URLs and scripts.Intermediate
Encoder-Decoder ArchitectureA transformer with an encoder that reads the input and a decoder that generates output while attending to the encoder.Intermediate
Encoder-Only ArchitectureA transformer that uses only the encoder stack with bidirectional attention, suited to understanding tasks.Intermediate
Encrypting File System (EFS)Windows NTFS feature that encrypts individual files and folders using certificate-protected keys.Intermediate
EncryptionConverting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and key so only authorized parties can read it.Foundational
End Project ReportPRINCE2 report given by the Project Manager to the Project Board at closure, reviewing performance against the PID.Intermediate
End-of-Life (EOL)The point at which a vendor stops selling, supporting, or patching a product.Foundational
End-to-End Encryption for Meetings (E2EE)Meeting encryption in which media keys are known only to participants' endpoints, not to the meeting service provider.Advanced
End-to-End Test (E2E)An automated test that validates a complete user workflow through the entire application stack.Foundational
EndorsementPower BI and Fabric badges (Promoted, Certified and Master data) that signal trustworthy content to users.Intermediate
Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)Security software that continuously records endpoint activity, detects malicious behavior and enables investigation and response.Foundational
Endpoint Group (EPG)In Cisco ACI, a collection of endpoints with the same policy requirements, the unit to which contracts are applied.Intermediate
Endpoint Identifier (EID)The LISP address that identifies an endpoint (host IP or MAC), independent of its network location.Advanced
Endpoint Protection Platform (EPP)An endpoint security solution focused on preventing threats with antimalware, firewall, device control and exploit prevention.Foundational
Energy Detect (ED)The CCA method that marks the medium busy when any RF energy exceeds a threshold, even if undecodable.Advanced
Engagement LetterDocument defining an audit or assurance engagement's objectives, scope, responsibilities, and terms.Intermediate
Engagement StudioAccount Engagement tool for building automated nurture programs with actions, triggers and rules.Intermediate
Engineering Workstation (EWS)A computer used by control engineers to configure, program and troubleshoot PLCs, DCS controllers and other ICS devices.Intermediate
Enhance (Risk Response)Opportunity response that increases the probability and/or impact of an opportunity.Intermediate
Enhanced 911 (E911)Emergency calling that delivers the caller's callback number and location to the public safety answering point.Intermediate
Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA)The 802.11e contention-based QoS access method using four access categories with different timers.Advanced
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)Cisco-developed advanced distance-vector IGP using DUAL for loop-free fast convergence; published as informational RFC 7868.Foundational
Enhanced Locations Call Admission Control (ELCAC)A CUCM CAC model that represents the network as locations and links with bandwidth so calls across multiple hops are tracked accurately.Advanced
Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC)A vSphere cluster setting that masks CPU features so hosts with different CPU generations can vMotion VMs between them.Intermediate
Ensemble LearningCombining predictions from multiple models to achieve better performance than any single model.Intermediate
Enterprise Access ModelMicrosoft model separating access into control, management, data/workload, and user/app access planes, replacing the legacy tier model.Advanced
Enterprise Architecture (EA)Discipline that describes and governs an organization's business, data, application and technology structures to achieve strategy.Foundational
Enterprise ContinuumTOGAF view of the Architecture Repository classifying assets from generic (foundation) to specific (organization-specific).Intermediate
Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)An organization-wide data warehouse that integrates data across all business areas to serve as a single source for analytics.Intermediate
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project.Foundational
Enterprise Governance of IT (EGIT)Governance of information and technology that ensures IT enables enterprise goals, optimizes risk and resources, and delivers value.Intermediate
Enterprise MetamodelTOGAF model defining the entities and relationships used to structure architecture content consistently.Advanced
Enterprise Resource PlanningIntegrated software suite managing core business processes such as finance, procurement, manufacturing, supply chain and HR on a shared database.Foundational
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)Organization-wide approach to identifying, assessing, and managing all risks to achieve objectives.Intermediate
Enterprise Security ArchitectureStructured design of security controls, processes, and technologies aligned to an organization's business goals and risks.Intermediate
Enterprise Territory Management (ETM)Feature that organizes accounts into territories with assignment rules, granting access and supporting territory-based forecasting.Advanced
Enterprise WSDLStrongly typed WSDL reflecting a single org's data model, which must be regenerated when the schema changes.Advanced
Entitlement (ServiceNow CSM)CSM record defining the support a customer is entitled to by channel, units or time, linked to accounts, products or contracts.Intermediate
Entitlement ManagementService Cloud feature defining support levels customers are entitled to and enforcing time-based milestones.Intermediate
Entitlements and QuotasBTP mechanism that assigns service plans (entitlements) and amounts (quotas) to subaccounts.Intermediate
EntityA person, place, thing, event or concept about which data is stored; it usually becomes a table.Foundational
Entity (IRM)Item in scope for risk and compliance, such as a business unit, application, vendor or CI, organized by entity types and classes.Advanced
Entity IntegrityThe relational rule that every table has a primary key and that no primary key value is NULL or duplicated.Intermediate
Entity ResolutionDetermining when records from one or many sources refer to the same real-world entity and linking or merging them.Advanced
Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)A diagram that shows entities, their attributes and the relationships between them, used to design databases.Foundational
EntropyMeasure of randomness or unpredictability, critical for generating strong keys and passwords.Intermediate
ENTRYPOINTA Dockerfile instruction defining the executable that always runs when a container starts; CMD supplies default arguments.Intermediate
Envelope EncryptionEncrypting data with a data key and then encrypting that data key with a separate master key (key encryption key).Advanced
Environment PromotionMoving the same tested artifact through successive environments such as dev, test, staging, and production.Foundational
Environment Protection RulesRules on GitHub Actions deployment environments, such as required reviewers, wait timers, and branch restrictions, that gate jobs.Intermediate
Environment VariableA named value in a process environment that programs and shells read for configuration, such as PATH, HOME or LANG.Foundational
EnvoyA high-performance CNCF graduated L4/L7 proxy designed for cloud-native applications and used as the data plane of many service meshes.Advanced
Ephemeral ContainerA temporary container added to a running pod for interactive troubleshooting with kubectl debug.Advanced
Ephemeral EnvironmentA short-lived, automatically created environment for testing a branch or pull request, destroyed after use.Intermediate
Ephemeral KeyA key generated for a single session or transaction and discarded afterward.Intermediate
Ephemeral PortsShort-lived client-side source ports assigned by the operating system for outgoing connections, typically 49152-65535.Foundational
EpicA large body of work that can be broken down into smaller stories or features.Foundational
Epic OwnerSAFe role responsible for coordinating portfolio epics through the Portfolio Kanban.Advanced
EpochOne complete pass of the training algorithm through the entire training dataset.Foundational
ePrivacy DirectiveEU Directive 2002/58/EC governing confidentiality of electronic communications, cookies, and electronic marketing.Intermediate
EPS 12V ConnectorA 4-pin or 8-pin power connector that provides dedicated 12 V power to the CPU voltage regulators.Foundational
Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP)Installing and load sharing across multiple routes to the same prefix that have identical cost.Intermediate
EqualizationAdjusting the level of specific frequency ranges in an audio signal to correct tonal balance or room problems.Foundational
EradicationThe incident response phase that removes the threat, including malware, backdoors and compromised accounts, from the environment.Foundational
Erasure CodingA data protection method that splits data into fragments with parity fragments distributed across nodes or drives, rebuilding from any sufficient subset.Advanced
ErlangA unit of telephone traffic equal to one circuit continuously occupied for one hour, used for trunk and staffing calculations.Intermediate
Erlang BA traffic formula that calculates the number of trunks needed for a given busy-hour traffic and blocking probability.Advanced
Erlang CA queuing formula that estimates how many agents are needed to meet a service level when callers wait rather than being blocked.Advanced
ErrdisableA Cisco port state where the switch shuts an interface due to a detected error such as BPDU guard, port security or UDLD.Intermediate
Error BudgetThe allowable amount of unreliability for a service, equal to 100% minus the SLO, which teams can spend on releases and risk.Intermediate
Error Budget PolicyAn agreed set of actions a team takes when a service consumes or exhausts its error budget.Advanced
Error Handler (Mule)Component of a flow or Try scope containing On Error Continue or On Error Propagate scopes matched by error type.Foundational
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)A measure of how far received symbols deviate from their ideal constellation points.Advanced
Error-Correcting Code Memory (ECC)Server RAM that detects and corrects single-bit memory errors and detects multi-bit errors, improving reliability.Foundational
Escalate (Risk Response)Risk response in which a threat or opportunity outside the project's scope or authority is passed to a higher level.Intermediate
EscalationTransferring an alert or incident to a higher tier, specialist team or management according to defined criteria.Foundational
Escalation RuleRule that escalates cases not closed within a specified time by reassigning or notifying.Intermediate
Establish a Theory of Probable CauseStep two of the troubleshooting methodology: form a hypothesis about the cause, questioning the obvious.Foundational
Estimate Activity DurationsProcess of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources.Foundational
Estimate at Completion (EAC)The expected total cost of completing all work: commonly EAC = AC + ETC.Intermediate
Estimate CostsProcess of developing an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project work.Foundational
Estimate to Complete (ETC)The expected cost to finish all remaining project work: ETC = EAC - AC.Intermediate
etcdA distributed, consistent key-value store that holds all Kubernetes cluster state.Intermediate
EtherChannelCisco term for bundling multiple physical Ethernet links into one logical link for bandwidth and redundancy.Foundational
EthernetThe dominant wired LAN technology, standardized as IEEE 802.3, defining framing, MAC addressing and physical media from 10 Mbps to 800 Gbps.Foundational
Ethernet FrameThe Layer 2 unit Ethernet uses, containing destination MAC, source MAC, EtherType or length, payload and FCS.Foundational
Ethernet Naming ConventionThe IEEE format rate-BASE-medium (for example 1000BASE-T) that describes an Ethernet physical layer.Foundational
Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI)A 10-byte EVPN identifier for a set of links connecting a device to multiple PE or leaf switches, enabling all-active multihoming.Advanced
Ethernet VPN (EVPN)A BGP-based control plane (RFC 7432) for Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs that advertises MAC and IP reachability with multihoming support.Advanced
EtherNet/IPAn industrial Ethernet protocol that carries the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) over standard TCP/IP, used widely with Rockwell Automation equipment.Advanced
EtherTypeA 2-byte Ethernet II field identifying the protocol carried in the frame's payload.Intermediate
ETSI EN 303 645A European standard setting baseline cybersecurity provisions for consumer IoT devices.Advanced
EU AI ActThe European Union's risk-based AI regulation classifying systems as prohibited, high-risk, limited-risk or minimal-risk.Intermediate
EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act)EU Regulation 2024/1689 establishing risk-based rules for AI systems and general-purpose AI models.Intermediate
EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (DPF)Framework adopted by the European Commission in July 2023 allowing transfers to self-certified US organizations.Intermediate
European Data Protection Board (EDPB)EU body of national supervisory authorities and the EDPS that ensures consistent GDPR application.Intermediate
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)The European standards body whose standards define radio equipment rules for Wi-Fi in Europe.Intermediate
Evaluate, Direct and Monitor (EDM)COBIT governance domain in which the governing body evaluates options, directs management, and monitors performance.Intermediate
Evaluation HarnessA framework that runs a model or application over test cases and computes metrics automatically and repeatably.Advanced
Event BusSalesforce's multitenant, time-ordered event log through which platform events and change events flow.Advanced
Event ID 1102The Windows Security event recorded when the audit log is cleared.Intermediate
Event ID 4624The Windows Security event recorded when an account successfully logs on.Intermediate
Event ID 4625The Windows Security event recorded when an account fails to log on.Intermediate
Event ID 4688The Windows Security event recorded when a new process is created, optionally including the full command line.Intermediate
Event ID 7045The Windows System event recorded when a new service is installed.Advanced
Event ManagementServiceNow ITOM application that ingests monitoring events, deduplicates and correlates them into alerts tied to CIs.Intermediate
Event MonitoringShield feature providing detailed event log files and real-time events about user activity such as logins, exports and API calls.Advanced
Event RegistryTable of registered events that scripts raise with gs.eventQueue to trigger notifications and script actions.Intermediate
Event TimeThe time an event actually occurred at its source, as opposed to processing time, when the system handles it.Advanced
Event ViewerThe Windows console for viewing System, Application, Security and other event logs.Foundational
Event-Driven Architecture (EDA)Architecture in which components communicate by producing and reacting to events, typically through brokers, enabling loose coupling.Intermediate
Event-Driven AutomationAutomation that triggers workflows in response to events such as alerts, webhooks, telemetry thresholds, or log messages.Advanced
EventhouseA Fabric item hosting one or more KQL databases optimized for high-volume, time-based event and log analytics.Advanced
EventstreamA Fabric item that captures, transforms and routes real-time event data from sources such as Event Hubs, IoT Hub, Kafka and CDC to destinations without code.Advanced
Eventual ConsistencyA model in which replicas converge to the same value if no new updates occur, but reads may temporarily return stale data.Intermediate
Evidence IntegrityAssurance that evidence has not been altered since collection, typically demonstrated by cryptographic hashes.Foundational
Evidence-Based Management (EBM)Scrum.org framework for measuring and improving value delivery using four Key Value Areas and goals at strategic, intermediate, and immediate tactical levels.Intermediate
Evil TwinA malicious wireless access point that impersonates a legitimate SSID to lure clients into connecting.Foundational
EvilginxAn adversary-in-the-middle phishing framework that proxies real login pages to capture credentials and session cookies, bypassing many MFA methods.Advanced
EVPN Route TypesEVPN NLRI types: 1 Ethernet A-D, 2 MAC/IP Advertisement, 3 Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag, 4 Ethernet Segment and 5 IP Prefix.Advanced
EVPN-VPWSPoint-to-point Ethernet service signalled with BGP EVPN (RFC 8214) instead of LDP, supporting all-active multihoming.Advanced
Exactly-Once Semantics (EOS)A processing guarantee that each record affects the output exactly one time despite failures and retries.Advanced
EXCEPT OperatorA set operator that returns distinct rows from the first query that are not in the second; Oracle calls it MINUS.Intermediate
Exception HandlingManaging runtime errors in code with constructs such as try, except, else, and finally in Python.Foundational
Exception ReportPRINCE2 report from the Project Manager to the Project Board when a stage or project is forecast to exceed tolerances.Intermediate
Excessive AgencyAn LLM risk where an agent has more functionality, permissions or autonomy than needed, enabling damaging actions.Intermediate
Excessive Data ExposureAn API flaw (API3:2019) where endpoints return more data than the client needs and rely on the client to filter it.Intermediate
Exchange ActiveSync (EAS)A Microsoft protocol for synchronizing email, contacts, and calendars to mobile devices.Intermediate
Executive (PRINCE2)PRINCE2 role ultimately accountable for the project, ensuring it delivers value for money and owning the business case.Foundational
Executive Order 14028The May 2021 U.S. order 'Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity' that drove federal SBOM and secure development attestation requirements.Intermediate
Executive SummaryA short, non-technical section of a report summarizing overall risk, key findings and business impact for leadership.Foundational
exFATA Microsoft file system for flash media that supports large files and works on Windows and macOS.Foundational
EXISTS OperatorA predicate that returns true if a subquery returns at least one row.Intermediate
Exit MeetingClosing meeting where auditors discuss findings and recommendations with auditees before final reporting.Intermediate
Exit StatusThe numeric code a Linux command returns on completion, where 0 means success and non-zero indicates an error.Foundational
Expansion CardA circuit board installed in a motherboard slot to add capabilities such as graphics, networking, or storage.Foundational
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)Statistical value calculated as probability multiplied by impact for a risk, summed across outcomes.Intermediate
Expected Value (EV)The probability-weighted average of all possible outcomes of a random variable: E[X] = Σ x × P(x).Intermediate
Expedited Forwarding (EF)A DiffServ PHB (DSCP 46) for low-loss, low-latency, low-jitter traffic such as voice, usually served by a priority queue.Foundational
Experience APIAPI layer tailored to a specific consumer or channel, such as a mobile app or partner portal.Foundational
Experience BuilderDrag-and-drop editor for designing Experience Cloud site pages, themes, navigation and components.Foundational
Experience Cloud SiteBranded digital experience (portal, help center, partner site) built on Salesforce for customers, partners or employees.Foundational
Experience WorkspacesAdministration area for an Experience Cloud site covering builder, moderation, content, recommendations, reputation and dashboards.Foundational
Experiment TrackingRecording the code, data, parameters, metrics and artifacts of each training run for comparison and reproducibility.Intermediate
ExplainabilityThe ability to describe why an AI model produced a particular output in terms humans can understand.Foundational
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)A mechanism using the two low-order bits of the DS byte to signal congestion without dropping packets.Advanced
Explicit KnowledgeKnowledge that can be codified using words, numbers, and pictures.Foundational
Exploding GradientA training problem where gradients grow uncontrollably large, causing unstable updates and NaN losses.Intermediate
ExploitCode or a technique that takes advantage of a vulnerability to cause unintended behavior, such as code execution.Foundational
Exploit (Risk Response)Opportunity response that seeks to ensure the opportunity definitely happens.Intermediate
Exploit KitA toolkit hosted on malicious or compromised websites that automatically probes visitors' browsers for vulnerabilities and delivers malware.Intermediate
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)A FIRST data-driven model estimating the probability that a CVE will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days.Intermediate
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)An open-ended investigation of a dataset with summary statistics and visualizations to understand structure, spot anomalies and form hypotheses.Foundational
Exponential SmoothingA forecasting method that weights observations with exponentially decreasing weights, with variants for trend (Holt) and seasonality (Holt-Winters).Advanced
Exported Android ComponentAn Android activity, service, broadcast receiver or content provider that other apps can invoke.Advanced
Exposed NodeA station that unnecessarily defers because it hears a transmission that would not actually collide.Advanced
Exposure Factor (EF)Percentage of an asset's value expected to be lost if a specific threat event occurs.Foundational
Expression ContextObjects such as github, env, secrets, vars, matrix, needs, and steps that GitHub Actions workflows access using ${{ }} syntax.Advanced
Expression SetBusiness Rules Engine component that performs a sequence of calculations and conditions to produce outputs.Advanced
Expressway ClusterA group of up to six Expressway peers of the same type that share configuration and provide capacity and redundancy.Advanced
Expressway DNS ZoneAn Expressway zone that routes calls to external domains by looking up DNS SRV and A records for the destination.Intermediate
Expressway-CThe internal Expressway node that connects to CUCM and other internal systems and acts as the traversal client to Expressway-E.Intermediate
Expressway-EThe edge Expressway node in the DMZ that faces the internet and acts as the traversal server and TURN relay.Intermediate
ext4The fourth extended filesystem, a mature journaling filesystem that is the default on many Debian and Ubuntu Linux systems.Foundational
Extended CommunityA 64-bit BGP community with type and value fields, used for route targets, site of origin, EVPN and other functions.Advanced
Extended Detection and Response (XDR)A security platform that correlates telemetry across endpoints, network, cloud, identity and email for unified detection and response.Intermediate
Extended Display Identification Data (EDID)Data a display sends to a source describing its supported resolutions, timings, color formats and audio capabilities.Intermediate
Extended Rate PHY (ERP)The 802.11g PHY that combines OFDM and DSSS/CCK in 2.4 GHz.Advanced
Extended Security Updates (ESU)A paid Microsoft program that provides critical security patches for products past end of support.Intermediate
Extended Service Set (ESS)Multiple BSSs sharing the same SSID and connected by a distribution system, allowing roaming.Foundational
Extended System IDThe 12-bit field in the STP bridge priority that carries the VLAN ID, allowing a unique bridge ID per VLAN with one MAC.Intermediate
Extended ThinkingA Claude feature that lets the model produce visible step-by-step reasoning before its final answer, within a token budget.Intermediate
Extended Validation Certificate (EV)Certificate issued after the most rigorous CA vetting of an organization's legal, physical, and operational existence.Intermediate
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)Authentication framework supporting multiple methods, used with 802.1X, PPP, and wireless networks.Intermediate
Extensible Authentication Protocol Tunneled Transport Layer Security (EAP-TTLS)A tunneled EAP method using a server certificate that supports legacy inner methods such as PAP and CHAP.Intermediate
Extensible Authentication Protocol-Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA)EAP methods (EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-AKA') that authenticate Wi-Fi users with mobile network SIM credentials.Advanced
Extensible Authentication Protocol-Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling (EAP-FAST)A Cisco-developed tunneled EAP method (RFC 4851) that can use a Protected Access Credential instead of certificates.Advanced
Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS)EAP method using mutual certificate authentication between client and server.Intermediate
Extensible Markup Language (XML)A markup language for structured data using nested, tag-delimited elements with attributes and namespaces.Foundational
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)An open XML-based protocol for instant messaging and presence, used by Cisco IM and Presence and many chat systems.Intermediate
Extension Mobility (EM)A CUCM feature that lets users log in to any shared phone and receive their own directory number, speed dials and services.Intermediate
Extension Mobility Cross Cluster (EMCC)An extension of Extension Mobility that lets users log in to a phone in a different CUCM cluster and register to their home cluster.Advanced
External Attack Surface Management (EASM)Continuous discovery and monitoring of an organization's internet-facing assets as an attacker would see them.Intermediate
External AuditAudit performed by an independent party outside the organization, such as a CPA firm or certification body.Foundational
External BGP (eBGP)A BGP session between routers in different autonomous systems.Foundational
External Client AppNext-generation replacement for connected apps, separating developer settings from admin policies and supporting packaging.Advanced
External CredentialDefinition of the authentication protocol and principals used by named credentials, with access granted via permission sets.Advanced
External IDCustom field flagged as containing a unique record identifier from an external system, indexed for searches and upserts.Foundational
External Lookup RelationshipRelationship that links a child record to a parent external object using the external object's External ID.Advanced
External ObjectObject whose records live in an external system and are accessed in real time through Salesforce Connect, with API name ending in __x.Advanced
External Phone Number MaskA per-DN mask that converts an extension into a full external number for caller ID, AAR and CFUR.Foundational
External SATA (eSATA)A SATA variant with a shielded connector for attaching external drives.Foundational
External Service Provider (ESP)CMMC term for an external organization providing IT or cybersecurity services that handle CUI or Security Protection Data.Advanced
External TableA table whose data files reside in external storage and are queried in place, with only metadata kept in the database.Intermediate
External UserAuthenticated user of an Experience Cloud site who is not an employee, associated with a contact and account.Foundational
Extract, Load, Transform (ELT)A pattern that loads raw data into the target platform first and transforms it there using the platform's own compute.Foundational
Extract, Transform, Load (ETL)A data integration process that extracts data from sources, transforms it in a separate engine, then loads it into a target such as a warehouse.Foundational
Extreme Memory Profile (XMP)Intel's firmware profile stored on RAM modules that sets rated overclocked speed, timings, and voltage.Intermediate
Extreme Programming (XP)Agile software development method created by Kent Beck emphasizing technical excellence and frequent releases.Foundational
Extremely High Throughput (EHT)The 802.11be PHY and MAC enhancements.Intermediate

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