Certification terms: B
267 study terms starting with B.
267 terms
- B-Tree IndexA balanced tree index that keeps keys sorted and supports equality, range and ORDER BY lookups in logarithmic time.Intermediate
- Back-to-Back User Agent (B2BUA)A SIP element that terminates one call leg as a UAS and originates a separate leg as a UAC, controlling both.Intermediate
- Backbone CablingCabling that connects equipment rooms, telecommunications rooms and entrance facilities, within or between buildings.Foundational
- BackdoorA hidden method of bypassing normal authentication or security controls to access a system.Foundational
- BackfillRunning a pipeline over historical periods to populate or correct past data.Intermediate
- Background ScriptScripts - Background module for running ad hoc server-side scripts, requiring elevated privilege.Intermediate
- BackgrounderThe Tableau Server process that runs scheduled and background jobs: extract refreshes, subscriptions, flows and alerts.Advanced
- BacklightThe light source behind an LCD panel that makes the image visible.Foundational
- Backout PlanDocumented steps to reverse a change and restore the previous state if it fails.Foundational
- BackpropagationThe algorithm that computes gradients of the loss with respect to every weight by applying the chain rule backward through the network.Intermediate
- BackstageAn open-source CNCF framework, originally from Spotify, for building developer portals with a software catalog, templates, and plugins.Intermediate
- Backup and RestoreSalesforce paid add-on (Own/Backup product family) for automated daily backups and point-in-time restore of data and metadata.Intermediate
- Backup as a Service (BaaS)Cloud service that stores and manages backups offsite on provider infrastructure, often with policy-based retention.Foundational
- Backup Designated Router (BDR)The OSPF router that monitors the DR on a multi-access segment and takes over if the DR fails.Intermediate
- Backup GeneratorAn engine-driven generator, typically diesel, that supplies long-duration power to a facility during utility outages.Foundational
- Backup TypesThe main backup methods: full, incremental and differential, plus snapshots and synthetic full backups.Foundational
- Backup WindowThe period during which backups are allowed to run without disrupting production workloads.Foundational
- Backward PassCPM calculation of late start and late finish dates moving from project end to start.Intermediate
- BACnetBuilding Automation and Control Networks, an ASHRAE/ISO standard protocol for HVAC, lighting, access control and other building systems.Advanced
- BaggingBootstrap aggregating: training models in parallel on random samples with replacement and averaging their outputs.Intermediate
- BaitingA social engineering attack that leaves an enticing item, such as an infected USB drive, for a victim to use.Foundational
- Balanced AudioAudio transmission using two signal conductors of opposite polarity plus a shield, allowing noise rejection at a differential input.Foundational
- Balanced Scorecard (BSC)Performance management tool measuring strategy across financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives.Intermediate
- Band SteeringEncouraging dual-band clients to connect on 5 GHz or 6 GHz instead of 2.4 GHz.Intermediate
- BandwidthThe maximum data rate a link or path can carry, expressed in bits per second.Foundational
- Banking TrojanA trojan designed to steal online banking credentials and manipulate financial transactions.Intermediate
- Banned FunctionsUnsafe library functions that a secure coding standard prohibits because they commonly cause vulnerabilities.Intermediate
- Bar ChartA chart that compares values across categories using rectangular bars whose lengths are proportional to the values.Foundational
- Barcode ScannerAn input device that reads 1D barcodes or 2D codes such as QR codes and translates them into text.Foundational
- Bare Metal InstanceCloud server that gives the customer direct access to physical hardware without a provider hypervisor layer.Intermediate
- BargeA feature that lets a user on a shared line join an active call, using the phone's built-in bridge (Barge) or a conference bridge (cBarge).Intermediate
- Barker CodeAn 11-chip spreading code used for 1 and 2 Mbps DSSS data rates.Advanced
- BASEA NoSQL consistency model: Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent, the counterpoint to ACID.Intermediate
- Base Command Manager (BCM)NVIDIA software for provisioning, managing and monitoring AI clusters.Advanced
- Base ModelA pretrained model before instruction tuning or alignment, which continues text rather than following instructions.Intermediate
- Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)A dedicated microcontroller on a server motherboard that provides out-of-band monitoring and management independent of the OS.Foundational
- BaselineA documented reference of normal system, network or user behavior used to identify anomalies.Foundational
- Baseline ArchitectureDescription of the existing architecture at a point in time, used as the starting point for change.Foundational
- Baseline ModelA simple reference model used to judge whether a more complex model adds value.Foundational
- BashThe Bourne Again Shell, the default command interpreter and scripting language on most Linux distributions.Foundational
- Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)Legacy PC firmware that tests hardware at power-on and loads the boot loader.Foundational
- Basic RateA data rate that all clients must support to join a BSS; management frames use the lowest one.Intermediate
- Basic Rate Interface (BRI)An ISDN interface with two 64 kbps B channels and one 16 kbps D channel, written 2B+D.Foundational
- Basic Service Set (BSS)An AP and its associated client stations, the basic building block of an 802.11 WLAN.Foundational
- Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID)The 48-bit MAC address that uniquely identifies a BSS, usually the AP radio's MAC per SSID.Intermediate
- Basis of EstimatesSupporting documentation describing how an estimate was derived.Intermediate
- Bastion HostHardened server in a public subnet used as a controlled entry point for administrative access to private instances.Foundational
- Batch AggregatorScope inside a batch step that collects records into groups for bulk operations.Advanced
- Batch ApexAsynchronous Apex implementing Database.Batchable to process large record sets in chunks with start, execute and finish methods.Intermediate
- Batch ControlsControls that group transactions and use totals to verify completeness and accuracy of processing.Intermediate
- Batch Data SynchronizationIntegration pattern that periodically imports or exports large data sets between Salesforce and external systems.Advanced
- Batch FileA Windows script file (.bat or .cmd) containing Command Prompt commands run in sequence.Foundational
- Batch InferenceGenerating predictions for a large dataset offline in a single job rather than per request.Foundational
- Batch JobMule component for reliable asynchronous processing of large record sets in phases: load and dispatch, process, and on complete.Intermediate
- Batch NormalizationNormalizing each layer's inputs across the mini-batch to stabilize and speed up training.Intermediate
- Batch ProcessingProcessing accumulated data in discrete scheduled jobs, such as hourly or nightly loads.Foundational
- Batch SizeThe number of training examples processed together before the model's parameters are updated.Foundational
- Batch StepStage in a Mule batch job that processes records, optionally filtered by accept expressions or failure status.Intermediate
- Battery DisposalProper handling and recycling of batteries to prevent fires and environmental harm.Foundational
- Bayes' TheoremA rule for updating the probability of a hypothesis given evidence: P(A|B) = P(B|A) × P(A) / P(B).Intermediate
- Bayesian OptimizationHyperparameter tuning that builds a probabilistic model of performance to choose the most promising next trial.Advanced
- bcryptAdaptive password-hashing function based on Blowfish with a configurable cost factor.Intermediate
- Beacon FrameA management frame broadcast periodically by an AP to advertise its BSS and capabilities.Foundational
- BeaconingRegular, periodic outbound communication from a compromised host to attacker command-and-control infrastructure.Intermediate
- BeamwidthThe angle between the half-power (-3 dB) points of an antenna's main lobe.Intermediate
- Before-Save FlowRecord-triggered flow optimized for Fast Field Updates that changes the triggering record before it is saved.Intermediate
- Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)A practice that describes system behavior in plain-language scenarios, typically Given/When/Then, that become automated acceptance tests.Intermediate
- Behavioral DetectionDetecting threats by analyzing actions and sequences of activity rather than static signatures.Intermediate
- Behavioral Indicator of Compromise (BIOC)A Cortex XDR rule that detects malicious behavior based on endpoint activity patterns rather than static indicators.Advanced
- Bell-LaPadula Model (BLP)Formal confidentiality model enforcing 'no read up, no write down' using security labels.Advanced
- BenchmarkA standardized dataset and metric used to compare model capabilities.Intermediate
- Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)Ratio of the present value of benefits to the present value of costs.Intermediate
- Benefits Management ApproachPRINCE2 management product defining how and when benefits will be measured, including after the project closes.Intermediate
- Benefits Management PlanDocument describing how and when project benefits will be delivered and measured.Intermediate
- Benefits RealizationThe practice of ensuring that the outcomes of projects and programs produce measurable benefits for the organization.Intermediate
- BERTBidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers: Google's 2018 encoder-only model pretrained with masked language modeling.Intermediate
- BERTScoreA text-similarity metric that compares contextual embeddings of generated and reference text.Advanced
- Best EffortThe default QoS model where all packets are treated equally with no guarantees, typically first in first out.Foundational
- BETWEEN OperatorA predicate that tests whether a value lies within an inclusive range: x BETWEEN a AND b means x >= a AND x <= b.Foundational
- BF16Brain Floating Point 16: a 16-bit format with FP32's exponent range but less mantissa precision.Intermediate
- BGP Add-PathA BGP capability that allows advertising multiple paths for the same prefix to a peer.Advanced
- BGP Aggregate AddressA BGP command that creates a summary route when at least one component exists in the BGP table.Intermediate
- BGP Best Path SelectionBGP's ordered decision process for choosing one best path per prefix.Intermediate
- BGP CommunityAn optional transitive 32-bit BGP attribute (often written AS:value) used to tag routes for policy decisions.Intermediate
- BGP Conditional AdvertisementAdvertising a prefix to a peer only when another prefix is present (exist-map) or absent (non-exist-map) in the BGP table.Advanced
- BGP ConfederationSplitting one AS into multiple internal sub-ASes that run eBGP-like sessions among themselves, reducing iBGP mesh size.Advanced
- BGP Default-OriginateA BGP neighbor option that sends a default route to a specific peer, even if none exists in the BGP table.Intermediate
- BGP EVPNThe MP-BGP address family (L2VPN/EVPN, AFI 25/SAFI 70) that carries EVPN routes between VTEPs or PEs.Advanced
- BGP FlowspecA BGP address family (RFC 8955) that distributes traffic filtering rules matching on packet fields, with actions such as drop or rate-limit.Advanced
- BGP Full MeshThe requirement that every iBGP speaker peer with every other iBGP speaker unless route reflectors or confederations are used.Intermediate
- BGP Labeled Unicast (BGP-LU)BGP distribution of labels for IPv4 or IPv6 prefixes (RFC 8277), used in Inter-AS Option C, Seamless MPLS and CsC.Advanced
- BGP Link-State (BGP-LS)A BGP address family that exports IGP topology and TE information to controllers such as PCEs.Advanced
- BGP Message TypesBGP's message types: OPEN, UPDATE, KEEPALIVE, NOTIFICATION and ROUTE-REFRESH.Intermediate
- BGP MultihomingConnecting an AS to two or more upstream links or providers using BGP for redundancy and traffic control.Intermediate
- BGP MultipathAllowing BGP to install multiple equal paths for a prefix for load sharing.Advanced
- BGP Neighbor StatesThe BGP finite state machine: Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm and Established.Intermediate
- BGP Network StatementThe BGP command that advertises a prefix only if an exact match (prefix and mask) exists in the routing table.Intermediate
- BGP Path AttributesProperties attached to BGP routes, categorized as well-known mandatory, well-known discretionary, optional transitive and optional non-transitive.Intermediate
- BGP Peer GroupA Cisco IOS construct that applies the same outbound policy to many neighbors and generates updates once per group.Intermediate
- BGP Prefix Independent Convergence (BGP PIC)A Cisco feature that precomputes backup BGP paths in the FIB so failover time does not depend on the number of prefixes.Advanced
- BGP Regular ExpressionPattern matching used in AS-path access lists to filter or select routes by AS_PATH contents.Intermediate
- BGP Route Reflector (RR)An iBGP router allowed to re-advertise iBGP-learned routes to its clients, removing the full-mesh requirement.Intermediate
- Bias-Variance TradeoffThe balance between error from overly simple assumptions (bias) and error from sensitivity to training data (variance).Intermediate
- Biba ModelFormal integrity model enforcing 'no read down, no write up' to prevent corruption of higher-integrity data.Advanced
- BicepMicrosoft's domain-specific language for declaratively deploying Azure resources, which transpiles to ARM JSON templates.Intermediate
- Bid DocumentsDocuments used to solicit information, quotations, or proposals from prospective sellers.Foundational
- Bidder ConferenceMeetings with prospective sellers before proposal submission to ensure all have a clear, common understanding of the procurement.Intermediate
- Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)A lightweight hello protocol that detects forwarding path failures in milliseconds and notifies routing protocols.Intermediate
- Bidirectional PIM (Bidir-PIM)A PIM variant with only shared trees where traffic flows up and down the tree to the RP, suited to many-to-many applications.Advanced
- Bidirectional TransceiverA transceiver that sends and receives on a single fiber strand using two different wavelengths.Intermediate
- Big DataDatasets too large, fast or varied for traditional single-server databases to store and process efficiently.Foundational
- Big ObjectObject type designed to store and manage billions of records with consistent performance, with API suffix __b.Advanced
- BigQueryGoogle Cloud's serverless, highly scalable enterprise data warehouse for SQL analytics.Foundational
- BigQuery ML (BQML)A Google Cloud feature that lets users create and run ML models in BigQuery using SQL.Intermediate
- BigtableGoogle Cloud fully managed wide-column NoSQL database for large-scale, low-latency analytical and operational workloads.Intermediate
- Bill of Materials (BOM)Hierarchical list of raw materials, components and quantities needed to manufacture a product.Foundational
- Binary ClassificationClassification with exactly two possible output classes, such as yes/no or positive/negative.Foundational
- Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP)A protocol used in SIP video calls to control which participant can send the presentation (content) stream.Advanced
- Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)PSK using two phase states to carry 1 bit per symbol.Intermediate
- Binary-to-Decimal ConversionTranslating between base-2 and base-10 values, an essential skill for IP subnetting.Foundational
- Bind MountMounting a specific file or directory from the host filesystem into a container.Foundational
- Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)Internal data protection policies approved by EU authorities allowing intra-group international transfers.Advanced
- Binomial DistributionThe distribution of the number of successes in n independent trials, each with the same success probability p.Intermediate
- BinsEqual-sized intervals created from a continuous measure, used to build histograms.Intermediate
- Biometric AuthenticationVerifying identity using unique physiological or behavioral characteristics.Foundational
- Birthday AttackCryptographic attack exploiting the birthday paradox to find hash collisions in about the square root of the output space.Intermediate
- Bit DepthThe number of bits used to represent each digital audio sample, determining resolution and dynamic range.Foundational
- BitLockerMicrosoft Windows full-volume encryption feature that can use a TPM to protect keys.Foundational
- Bitmap IndexAn index storing a bit array per distinct value, efficient for low-cardinality columns in read-heavy analytic workloads.Advanced
- Bits per Second (bps)The unit for data rate on networks, scaled as Kbps, Mbps, Gbps and Tbps using powers of 1000.Foundational
- Black-Box TestingTesting with no prior knowledge of the target's internals, simulating an external attacker; CompTIA calls it unknown-environment testing.Foundational
- Blackout WindowPeriod when changes are not allowed, defined by schedules associated with CIs or globally.Intermediate
- Blade ServerA thin, modular server that slides into a shared chassis providing power, cooling, networking and management.Foundational
- Blameless PostmortemA written review of an incident that focuses on systemic causes and improvements rather than assigning individual fault.Foundational
- BLEUBilingual Evaluation Understudy: a metric scoring generated text by n-gram precision overlap with reference text.Intermediate
- Blind Server-Side Request ForgerySSRF in which the attacker cannot see the response but can still make the server send requests.Advanced
- Blind SQL InjectionSQL injection where the application does not return query results or errors, so impact is inferred from behavior or timing.Intermediate
- blkidA Linux command that displays block device attributes such as filesystem type, label and UUID.Foundational
- BloatwareUnnecessary software preinstalled by a manufacturer that consumes resources and expands the attack surface.Foundational
- Blob Access TiersAzure Blob Storage tiers (Hot, Cool, Cold and Archive) that trade storage cost against access cost and latency.Intermediate
- Block Acknowledgment (BA)A single control frame acknowledging multiple frames, introduced by 802.11e and required for A-MPDU.Advanced
- Block CipherA symmetric cipher that encrypts fixed-size blocks of data, such as 128 bits, using a key.Foundational
- Block SizeThe increment between consecutive subnet addresses in the interesting octet, equal to 256 minus the mask value in that octet.Foundational
- Block StorageStorage that presents raw volumes divided into fixed-size blocks to an operating system, which formats them with a file system.Foundational
- BlockchainDistributed, append-only ledger where blocks are cryptographically chained by hashes to resist tampering.Intermediate
- BlockingA situation in which one session waits for a lock held by another session; it resolves when the holder finishes.Intermediate
- BlowfishSymmetric block cipher by Bruce Schneier with a 64-bit block and variable key length from 32 to 448 bits.Intermediate
- Blue TeamThe defensive security team responsible for detecting, responding to and preventing attacks.Foundational
- Blue-Green DeploymentA release strategy using two identical production environments, switching all traffic from the current (blue) to the new (green) version at once.Intermediate
- BluesnarfingUnauthorized access to data on a Bluetooth-enabled device, such as contacts, messages or files.Foundational
- BluetoothA short-range 2.4 GHz wireless personal area network technology standardized by the Bluetooth SIG.Foundational
- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)A low-power Bluetooth variant using 40 2-MHz channels, widely used for IoT sensors and location beacons.Intermediate
- Bluetooth PairingThe process of establishing a trusted connection between two Bluetooth devices.Foundational
- BM25Best Matching 25: a standard lexical ranking function based on term frequency and inverse document frequency.Intermediate
- BNC ConnectorA bayonet-style coaxial connector with a quarter-turn twist lock, used for video, test equipment, T-carrier and legacy 10BASE2 Ethernet.Foundational
- BollardShort, sturdy post that prevents vehicles from entering or ramming into a protected area while allowing pedestrians through.Foundational
- BonjourApple's zero-configuration service discovery using mDNS and DNS-SD on UDP 5353.Intermediate
- BookmarkA saved state of a Power BI report page (filters, slicers, visibility, sort) that users can return to, often used for navigation and storytelling.Intermediate
- Boost ClockThe maximum frequency a CPU or GPU automatically reaches under load when power and thermal limits allow.Intermediate
- BoostingAn ensemble method that trains weak learners sequentially, weighting each toward the errors of its predecessors.Intermediate
- Boot CampApple's utility for dual-booting Windows on Intel-based Macs.Intermediate
- Boot Configuration Data (BCD)The Windows database that stores boot loader settings and OS entries.Intermediate
- BootkitA rootkit that infects the boot process, such as the MBR, VBR or UEFI firmware, to load before the operating system.Advanced
- bootrecA WinRE command used to repair the master boot record, boot sector, and Boot Configuration Data.Intermediate
- Bootstrap Router (BSR)The standards-based PIMv2 mechanism for distributing RP-to-group mappings hop by hop.Advanced
- BootstrappingEstimating the sampling distribution of a statistic by repeatedly resampling the observed data with replacement.Advanced
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)The path-vector EGP (BGP-4) that exchanges reachability between autonomous systems and is the routing protocol of the Internet.Foundational
- Border LeafA leaf switch that connects the fabric to external networks such as WAN routers, firewalls or other data centers.Advanced
- BotnetA network of compromised devices remotely controlled by an attacker to perform coordinated tasks.Foundational
- Bottom-Up EstimatingMethod of estimating by aggregating estimates of lower-level WBS components.Foundational
- Boundary MicrophoneA microphone mounted flush with a surface such as a table or ceiling to use the boundary for increased sensitivity.Foundational
- Box PlotA chart showing a distribution's median, quartiles (the box), whiskers and outliers; also called a box-and-whisker plot.Foundational
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)A stricter version of 3NF in which every determinant (left side of a functional dependency) is a candidate key.Advanced
- BPDU FilterAn STP feature that stops sending and, depending on configuration, receiving BPDUs on a port.Advanced
- BPDU GuardAn STP feature that errdisables a port if it receives any BPDU, protecting PortFast edge ports.Intermediate
- BrainstormingGroup technique for generating many ideas in a short time without initial criticism.Foundational
- BranchA movable pointer to a commit that represents an independent line of development in Git.Foundational
- Branch Protection RuleRepository settings that enforce policies on important branches, such as required reviews, status checks, and no force pushes.Foundational
- Brand ImpersonationMimicking a trusted company's name, logo and communications to deceive victims.Foundational
- Breach and Attack Simulation (BAS)Automated platforms that continuously run safe simulated attacks to validate whether security controls detect and block them.Intermediate
- Breach Notification LawsLaws requiring organizations to notify individuals, regulators, or others after unauthorized access to personal information.Foundational
- BreadcrumbsTrail of filter conditions at the top of a list; clicking one removes conditions to its right.Foundational
- BreakdownPerformance Analytics dimension used to segment indicator scores, such as by priority or assignment group.Advanced
- Brewer-Nash ModelAccess control model, also called the Chinese Wall, that prevents conflicts of interest by restricting access dynamically.Advanced
- BridgeA Layer 2 device that connects network segments and forwards frames based on MAC addresses, separating collision domains.Foundational
- Bridge Domain (BD)A Cisco ACI Layer 2 forwarding construct, associated with a VRF, that defines a flood domain and holds subnet gateways.Advanced
- Bridge ID (BID)An 8-byte STP identifier made of a 2-byte priority (with extended system ID) and the switch MAC address.Foundational
- Bridge LetterLetter from a service organization covering the gap between the end of its SOC report period and a later date.Advanced
- Bridge PriorityThe configurable portion of the STP bridge ID, 0-61440 in steps of 4096, default 32768.Foundational
- Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU)The STP message switches exchange to elect the root bridge and compute the loop-free topology.Intermediate
- Bridge TableA table that resolves a many-to-many relationship between a fact and a dimension, or handles multivalued dimensions.Advanced
- Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)A policy allowing employees to use personal devices to access corporate resources.Foundational
- Bring Your Own Key (BYOK)Practice of generating encryption keys on premises (often in an HSM) and importing them into a cloud key management service.Advanced
- Bring Your Own Meeting (BYOM)A room design in which users run the meeting from their own laptop while using the room's camera, microphones and display.Foundational
- Broad Network AccessNIST cloud characteristic: capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms from diverse client devices.Foundational
- BroadcastOne-to-all communication in which a single frame or packet is delivered to every host on the local segment.Foundational
- Broadcast AddressThe last address in an IPv4 subnet, with all host bits set to 1, used to send a packet to all hosts on that subnet.Foundational
- Broadcast DomainThe set of devices that receive each other's Layer 2 broadcasts; bounded by routers or by VLANs.Foundational
- Broadcast JoinA join strategy that sends a copy of a small table to every executor so the large table is joined without being shuffled.Advanced
- Broadcast MAC AddressThe all-ones MAC address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, which sends a frame to every device in the broadcast domain.Foundational
- Broken Access ControlOWASP Top 10 category (A01) for failures to enforce what authenticated or anonymous users are allowed to do.Foundational
- Broken Authentication (API)API2:2023, weaknesses in API authentication mechanisms that let attackers assume other identities.Intermediate
- Broken Function Level Authorization (BFLA)API5:2023, failure to restrict access to administrative or privileged functions based on the caller's role.Intermediate
- Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA)API1:2023, failure to verify that the caller is authorized to access the specific object identified in a request.Foundational
- Broken Object Property Level Authorization (BOPLA)API3:2023, failure to restrict which object properties a user can read or modify, combining excessive data exposure and mass assignment.Intermediate
- Bronze LayerThe raw landing layer of a medallion architecture, holding source data as ingested, often append-only with load metadata.Intermediate
- BrownoutA sustained reduction in line voltage below normal levels.Foundational
- Brute Force AttackSystematically trying all possible passwords or keys until the correct one is found.Foundational
- BSONBinary JSON: MongoDB's binary-encoded document format, which adds types such as ObjectId, Date, Decimal128 and binary data.Intermediate
- BSS ColoringAn 802.11ax identifier (1-63) in the PHY header that distinguishes overlapping BSSs on the same channel.Intermediate
- BSS Transition Management (BTM)An 802.11v exchange in which the AP suggests that a client roam to listed candidate APs.Intermediate
- BtrfsA copy-on-write Linux filesystem with built-in snapshots, subvolumes, checksums, compression and multi-device support.Intermediate
- Bucket FieldReport-level field that categorizes values into named groups without creating a custom field.Foundational
- Budget at Completion (BAC)The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.Foundational
- Budget EstimateAn estimate prepared during planning with an accuracy range often cited as -10% to +25%.Intermediate
- Buffer OverflowWriting more data into a memory buffer than it can hold, overwriting adjacent memory and potentially enabling code execution.Intermediate
- Buffer-to-Buffer Credits (BB credits)The Fibre Channel flow control mechanism where a sender may transmit only as many frames as the receiver has advertised buffers for.Advanced
- Bug Bounty ProgramA program in which organizations reward independent researchers for responsibly reporting security vulnerabilities.Foundational
- Build ArtifactA versioned output of a build, such as a compiled binary, package, or container image, that is promoted through environments.Foundational
- Build CacheReusing previously downloaded dependencies or build outputs between pipeline runs to speed up builds.Intermediate
- Build Once, Deploy ManyThe principle that a single immutable build artifact is created once and promoted unchanged to every environment.Foundational
- Build ProvenanceVerifiable metadata describing how, where, when and from what sources a software artifact was built.Advanced
- Build-Measure-LearnLean Startup feedback loop: build an experiment, measure results, learn, then pivot or persevere.Intermediate
- BuildahA Red Hat tool for building OCI container images without a daemon, from Dockerfiles or scripted commands.Advanced
- Building BlockPotentially reusable component of business, IT or architectural capability combinable with other building blocks.Foundational
- Building Security In Maturity Model (BSIMM)A descriptive software security maturity model built from observing the real practices of participating organizations.Advanced
- Built-in Bridge (BIB)A conference capability inside Cisco IP phones used for barge and to fork call media to a recording server.Advanced
- Bulk Administration Tool (BAT)A CUCM tool for adding, updating or deleting large numbers of users, phones and other records using CSV files and templates.Foundational
- Bulk API 2.0REST-based asynchronous API for loading or querying large data sets with automatic batching.Intermediate
- BulkificationWriting code or flows to handle many records at once without per-record queries or DML.Intermediate
- Bullet ChartA compact bar chart, designed by Stephen Few, that shows a measure against a target and qualitative ranges.Advanced
- Burn RateHow fast a service is consuming its error budget relative to the rate that would exactly exhaust it at the end of the SLO window.Advanced
- Burn-InPermanent ghost images on a display caused by static content shown for long periods.Foundational
- Burndown ChartChart showing remaining work versus time in an iteration or release.Foundational
- Burned-In Address (BIA)The factory-assigned MAC address stored in a network interface's hardware.Foundational
- Burnup ChartChart showing completed work rising over time against a separate total scope line.Foundational
- Burp SuiteA widely used web application security testing platform from PortSwigger built around an intercepting proxy.Intermediate
- Bus MatrixA Kimball planning grid that lists business processes (rows) against conformed dimensions (columns) to design an integrated warehouse.Advanced
- Bus TopologyA topology in which all devices share a single backbone cable terminated at both ends.Foundational
- Business Analysis Core Concept Model (BACCM)BABOK conceptual framework of six core concepts: Change, Need, Solution, Stakeholder, Value, and Context.Foundational
- Business Analysis Knowledge AreasThe six BABOK v3 groupings of business analysis tasks, from planning and elicitation through strategy, design definition, and solution evaluation.Foundational
- Business ArchitectureRepresentation of holistic, multidimensional business views of capabilities, value streams, organization, information and their relationships.Foundational
- Business AssociatePerson or organization that performs functions involving PHI on behalf of a HIPAA covered entity.Intermediate
- Business Associate Agreement (BAA)Contract required by HIPAA between a covered entity and business associate defining permitted uses and safeguards for PHI.Intermediate
- Business CapabilityParticular ability that a business may possess or exchange to achieve a specific purpose, independent of who or how.Foundational
- Business CaseDocumented justification for an investment, describing benefits, costs, risks, and alignment with objectives.Intermediate
- Business Continuity Planning (BCP)Planning to keep essential business functions operating during and after a disruption.Foundational
- Business Email Compromise (BEC)A fraud in which attackers impersonate or take over business email accounts to trick staff into sending money or data.Intermediate
- Business GlossaryA governed list of business terms and their agreed definitions, owners and relationships, linked to the physical data assets that implement them.Intermediate
- Business Impact Analysis (BIA)An analysis that identifies critical business functions and the impact of their disruption over time.Foundational
- Business Intelligence (BI)The technologies and practices for collecting, integrating, analyzing and presenting business data to support decision-making.Foundational
- Business Logic VulnerabilityA flaw in the design or workflow of an application that allows misuse of legitimate functionality.Intermediate
- Business ManagerAdministrative interface for B2C Commerce merchants and developers to manage catalogs, content, sites and configuration.Intermediate
- Business OwnersSmall group of SAFe stakeholders with primary business and technical responsibility for an ART's governance and ROI.Intermediate
- Business ProcessSet of picklist values (such as Stage or Status) for Lead, Opportunity, Case or Solution, associated with record types.Intermediate
- Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)OMG standard graphical notation for modeling business processes.Intermediate
- Business RuleServer-side script that runs when records are displayed, inserted, updated, deleted or queried.Intermediate
- Business Rules AnalysisTechnique to define the rules that govern decisions in an organization and constrain operations.Intermediate
- Business Rules Engine (BRE)Salesforce Industries capability for defining rules with expression sets and decision matrices callable from flows, Apex and OmniStudio.Advanced
- Business ScenarioTOGAF technique for discovering and documenting business requirements by describing a problem, environment, actors and desired outcomes.Intermediate
- Business ServiceCSDM class (cmdb_ci_service_business) representing a service consumed by business users, such as Email or Payroll.Intermediate
- Business Transformation Readiness AssessmentTOGAF technique evaluating an organization's readiness factors, such as vision, sponsorship and capacity, to undergo change.Advanced
- Business UnitSub-account within a Marketing Cloud Engagement enterprise account that separates content, data and sends by brand or region.Intermediate
- Business-to-Business Calling (B2B)Voice and video calls between different organizations over the internet, typically using SIP URIs routed through Expressway or SBCs.Intermediate
- Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA)The number of call attempts made during the busiest hour of the day, used to size call processing systems.Intermediate
- Busy Lamp Field (BLF)A phone button that shows the real-time state of another line (idle, ringing, busy) and can be used to speed dial it.Foundational
- Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)A subword tokenization algorithm that iteratively merges the most frequent adjacent symbol pairs into new tokens.Advanced