Certification terms: W

171 study terms starting with W.

171 terms

W3C Trace ContextA W3C standard defining the traceparent and tracestate HTTP headers used to propagate trace identifiers between services.Advanced
WalkthroughFollowing a transaction from origination through processing and reporting to understand and confirm a process and its controls.Intermediate
Wall AttenuationThe signal loss in dB attributed to specific building materials in a WLAN design.Intermediate
WannaCryA 2017 ransomware worm that spread globally through the EternalBlue SMBv1 exploit.Foundational
Warehouse CacheThe local SSD cache in a running Snowflake warehouse that keeps recently read table data to speed later queries.Intermediate
Warehouse SizeThe T-shirt size of a Snowflake virtual warehouse (XS, S, M, L, XL up to 6XL), where each step doubles compute and credit consumption.Intermediate
Warm SiteAn alternate facility with some equipment and connectivity in place but requiring data restoration and configuration before use.Foundational
Warm StandbyDR strategy running a scaled-down but fully functional copy of production in another site, scaled up on failover.Intermediate
Watch ListA list of low-priority risks recorded for monitoring rather than active response.Intermediate
Waterfall ChartA chart showing how an initial value is increased and decreased by sequential positive and negative contributions to reach a final value.Intermediate
Waterfall ModelA sequential life cycle where each phase is completed before the next begins.Foundational
Watering Hole AttackAn attack that compromises a website frequently visited by a target group in order to infect those visitors.Intermediate
WatermarkTechnique storing the last processed value (timestamp or ID) to fetch only new records on the next poll.Advanced
Watermark (Streaming)A threshold in stream processing that estimates how far event time has progressed, determining when windows can close and how late data is handled.Advanced
WatermarkingEmbedding detectable signals in AI-generated content to identify it as machine-made.Intermediate
WavelengthThe physical distance an RF wave travels during one complete cycle.Foundational
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)Transmitting multiple signals over one fiber by assigning each a different wavelength of light.Intermediate
Wayback MachineThe Internet Archive's service storing historical snapshots of websites, useful for finding removed content.Foundational
WBS DictionaryDocument providing detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the WBS.Foundational
Weakest LinkA system is only as secure as its weakest component, so defenses should be balanced.Foundational
WeaponizationThe kill-chain stage where an attacker couples an exploit with a deliverable payload, such as a malicious document.Foundational
Wearable DeviceA body-worn smart device such as a smartwatch, fitness tracker, or smart glasses.Foundational
Web Application Firewall (WAF)Layer 7 firewall that inspects HTTP/HTTPS traffic to protect web applications from attacks such as SQL injection and XSS.Foundational
Web Authentication (WebAuthn)W3C API that lets websites register and authenticate users with public key credentials.Advanced
Web Cache DeceptionTricking a cache into storing a victim's private, authenticated page by making it look like a static resource.Advanced
Web Cache PoisoningCausing a cache to store a malicious response that is then served to other users.Advanced
Web of TrustDecentralized trust model where users vouch for one another's public keys instead of relying on a central CA.Intermediate
Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC)A W3C and IETF framework that lets browsers and apps exchange real-time audio, video and data without plugins.Intermediate
Web ShellA malicious script uploaded to a web server that gives an attacker remote command execution through HTTP.Intermediate
Web-to-CaseFeature that generates an HTML form on a website to create cases, up to 5,000 per day.Foundational
Web-to-LeadFeature that generates an HTML form capturing website visitor information as new leads.Foundational
WebcamA camera built into or attached to a computer for video calls and recording.Foundational
Webex AppCisco's client for messaging, meetings, calling and whiteboarding on desktop, mobile and web (formerly Webex Teams).Foundational
Webex CallingCisco's multi-tenant cloud calling service (UCaaS) that provides enterprise PBX features from the Webex cloud.Foundational
Webex Calling Call QueueA Webex Calling feature that holds callers in a queue with announcements and distributes calls to agents.Intermediate
Webex Calling Dedicated InstanceA Webex Calling option that provides a private, dedicated CUCM-based calling environment hosted in the Webex cloud.Intermediate
Webex Calling Dial PlanAn organization-level Webex Calling configuration that routes dial patterns to trunks or route groups instead of the location's PSTN.Advanced
Webex Calling LocationA Control Hub object representing a physical site that holds its address, PSTN connection, numbers, emergency settings and dial plan.Intermediate
Webex Calling Trunk and Route GroupControl Hub constructs that connect Webex Calling to premises gateways and group multiple trunks for redundancy.Advanced
Webex Cloud-Connected UC (CCUC)A Webex service that connects on-premises CUCM clusters to Control Hub for analytics, certificate and upgrade management.Advanced
Webex Contact Center (Webex CC)Cisco's cloud contact center (CCaaS) offering omnichannel routing, IVR flows, agent desktop and analytics.Intermediate
Webex Contact Center Flow DesignerThe Webex Contact Center visual tool for building IVR, routing and digital channel flows with drag-and-drop activities.Intermediate
Webex Control HubThe web-based management portal for Webex services, users, devices, licenses, analytics and troubleshooting.Foundational
Webex Directory ConnectorAn on-premises Windows application that synchronizes Active Directory users and groups into the Webex cloud.Intermediate
Webex Edge AudioA Webex service that routes meeting call-in and callback audio over the enterprise's IP network and Expressway instead of the PSTN.Advanced
Webex Edge ConnectA dedicated network interconnect between an enterprise and the Webex cloud through an exchange such as Equinix.Advanced
Webex Hybrid Calendar ServiceA Webex service that connects Microsoft 365, Exchange or Google calendars to Webex for meeting scheduling and One Button to Push.Intermediate
Webex Media PortsThe network ports Webex clients and devices use for media, preferring UDP 5004 and falling back to TCP or TLS 443.Intermediate
Webex MeetingsCisco's cloud video conferencing service for scheduled and personal-room meetings, webinars and events.Foundational
Webex Video MeshOn-premises Webex media nodes that keep meeting media local to the enterprise and cascade to the cloud only when needed.Advanced
WebhookAn HTTP callback in which a system sends an HTTP POST to a configured URL when an event occurs.Foundational
WebView SecuritySecure configuration of embedded browser components in mobile apps to prevent XSS escalation and data exposure.Advanced
WeightA Cisco-proprietary BGP value local to one router; the highest weight is preferred first in best-path selection.Intermediate
Weighted AverageAn average in which each value is multiplied by a weight reflecting its importance or frequency, divided by the sum of the weights.Foundational
Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)RED with different drop profiles per IP Precedence or DSCP, so lower-priority packets are dropped earlier.Intermediate
Weighted Scoring ModelSelection method that rates options on criteria, multiplies by weights, and sums the scores.Foundational
Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF)Prioritization model that sequences jobs to produce maximum economic benefit: Cost of Delay divided by job duration (or job size).Intermediate
WeightsLearned numeric parameters that scale the strength of connections between neurons.Foundational
Well-Known BGP CommunitiesReserved communities with standard meaning: NO_EXPORT, NO_ADVERTISE, NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED (local-AS) and others.Intermediate
Well-Known PortsPorts 0-1023, assigned by IANA to common system services such as HTTP, SSH and DNS.Foundational
Western Electric RulesSet of decision rules for detecting non-random patterns on control charts.Advanced
WhalingSpear phishing aimed at senior executives or other high-value individuals.Foundational
WHERE ClauseThe clause that filters individual rows before grouping, keeping only those where the condition is true.Foundational
White TeamThe group that oversees a red team or cyber exercise, setting rules, refereeing, scoring and ensuring safety.Foundational
White-Box TestingTesting with full knowledge of the target, including source code, architecture and credentials; called known-environment testing by CompTIA.Foundational
whoami CommandA command that displays the currently logged-on user and, on Windows, groups and privileges.Foundational
WHOISA query protocol and database that returns registration details for domain names and IP address blocks.Foundational
Wi-Fi 6EWi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) devices that can operate in the 6 GHz band.Foundational
Wi-Fi 7Wi-Fi Alliance name for 802.11be devices, emphasizing multi-link, wider channels, and lower latency.Foundational
Wi-Fi Agile MultibandWi-Fi Alliance certification combining 802.11k, 802.11v, 802.11r, and MBO for intelligent steering.Advanced
Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA)Industry organization that certifies 802.11 product interoperability and owns the Wi-Fi trademark.Foundational
Wi-Fi Antenna ConnectorSmall coaxial connectors (U.FL/IPEX) that attach laptop antenna cables to the wireless card.Intermediate
Wi-Fi CERTIFIEDThe Wi-Fi Alliance certification mark indicating a product passed interoperability testing.Intermediate
Wi-Fi DirectWi-Fi Alliance certification for device-to-device connections where one device acts as a soft AP group owner.Intermediate
Wi-Fi Easy ConnectWi-Fi Alliance onboarding based on the Device Provisioning Protocol, typically by scanning a QR code.Advanced
Wi-Fi Generation NamesWi-Fi Alliance consumer names mapping standards to generations: Wi-Fi 4 (n), 5 (ac), 6 (ax), 7 (be).Foundational
Wi-Fi HaLowWi-Fi Alliance name for 802.11ah sub-1 GHz long-range low-power Wi-Fi.Intermediate
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM)Wi-Fi Alliance certification of 802.11e EDCA QoS with four access categories.Intermediate
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)The 2003 Wi-Fi Alliance interim security certification based on a draft of 802.11i, using TKIP.Foundational
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)Wi-Fi Alliance security certification implementing 802.11i with AES-CCMP, in Personal (PSK) and Enterprise (802.1X) modes.Foundational
Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3)Current Wi-Fi security standard that uses SAE for personal networks and mandates protected management frames.Foundational
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)A simplified setup method using a PIN or push button, vulnerable to brute-force and Pixie Dust attacks.Foundational
Wi-Fi SensingUsing changes in Wi-Fi channel measurements to detect motion, presence, or activity.Advanced
Wide Area Network (WAN)A network spanning large geographic areas, connecting LANs across cities, countries or continents, usually over provider services.Foundational
Wide TransformationA Spark transformation in which output partitions depend on data from many input partitions, requiring a shuffle.Advanced
Wide vs Long DataTwo layouts for the same data: wide has one column per variable value (such as per month); long (tidy) has one row per observation.Intermediate
Wide-Column StoreA NoSQL database that organizes data into rows with dynamic columns grouped into column families, built for massive write throughput.Intermediate
Wideband Audio (HD Voice)Voice transmission covering about 50 Hz to 7 kHz or more, roughly double the bandwidth of traditional narrowband telephony.Foundational
Wideband DelphiConsensus estimation technique in which experts estimate anonymously, discuss differences, and iterate.Intermediate
Wildcard CertificateCertificate that secures all first-level subdomains of a domain using an asterisk, such as *.example.com.Foundational
Wildcard MaskAn inverse mask where 0 bits must match and 1 bits are ignored, used in ACLs and OSPF/EIGRP network statements.Foundational
WildFirePalo Alto Networks' cloud-based malware analysis service that detonates unknown files and links to produce verdicts and signatures.Intermediate
Window FrameThe subset of rows within a partition that a window function considers, set with ROWS or RANGE BETWEEN.Advanced
Window FunctionA function that computes a value across a set of rows related to the current row, defined with OVER(), without collapsing them.Intermediate
Window SizeThe TCP header value advertising how many bytes the receiver is currently willing to accept.Intermediate
WindowingGrouping unbounded streaming data into finite time-based buckets for aggregation.Advanced
Windows 10 End of SupportThe October 14, 2025 date after which Windows 10 stopped receiving free security updates.Foundational
Windows 11Microsoft's current desktop operating system, requiring TPM 2.0, UEFI Secure Boot capability, and a supported 64-bit CPU.Foundational
Windows Admin Center (WAC)A browser-based Microsoft management tool for Windows Server, clusters, Hyper-V and hybrid Azure services.Intermediate
Windows AutopilotA Microsoft service that provisions new Windows devices straight from the OEM using cloud identity and Intune.Intermediate
Windows Boot Manager (bootmgr)The Windows boot loader component that reads BCD and starts the selected OS loader.Intermediate
Windows Defender FirewallThe host-based stateful firewall built into Windows, with Domain, Private, and Public profiles.Foundational
Windows EditionsThe different versions of Windows (Home, Pro, Enterprise, Education) with different features and licensing.Foundational
Windows Event Forwarding (WEF)A built-in Windows feature that forwards event logs from many hosts to a central Windows Event Collector.Advanced
Windows Event LogThe structured logging system in Windows that records security, system and application events.Foundational
Windows Feature UpdateAn annual Windows release that adds new features and resets the support lifecycle.Intermediate
Windows Hello for Business (WHfB)Microsoft passwordless authentication using a TPM-protected key pair unlocked by a PIN or biometric.Intermediate
Windows Imaging Format (WIM)A file-based disk image format (.wim) used for Windows installation and deployment.Advanced
Windows Installer Package (MSI)The .msi installation package format used to install, repair, and uninstall Windows software.Intermediate
Windows Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS)A Microsoft feature that randomizes and rotates each computer's local administrator password and stores it securely in AD or Entra ID.Intermediate
Windows Memory Diagnostic (mdsched)A built-in Windows tool that tests RAM for errors at the next reboot.Foundational
Windows Package Manager (winget)A Windows command-line tool for installing, upgrading, and removing applications.Intermediate
Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)A minimal Windows environment used to install, deploy, and repair Windows.Advanced
Windows Quality UpdateA monthly cumulative Windows update that delivers security and reliability fixes.Intermediate
Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)A recovery OS built on WinPE that provides startup repair, restore, reset, and command-line tools.Foundational
Windows RegistryThe hierarchical database storing configuration for Windows, its services, hardware and applications.Foundational
Windows Registry ForensicsExamining Windows registry hives for evidence of program execution, persistence, user activity and connected devices.Advanced
Windows SandboxA lightweight disposable desktop in Windows Pro and Enterprise for safely running untrusted applications.Intermediate
Windows SecurityThe Windows app that centralizes antivirus, firewall, device security, and account protection status.Foundational
Windows Server EditionsThe licensing editions of Windows Server, chiefly Standard and Datacenter, differing in virtualization rights and advanced features.Foundational
Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)An on-premises Windows Server role for approving and distributing Microsoft updates to managed computers.Intermediate
Windows SettingsThe modern Windows configuration app for system, devices, network, accounts, privacy, and updates.Foundational
Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)A Windows feature that runs Linux distributions directly on Windows.Intermediate
Windows TerminalA modern Windows terminal application that hosts PowerShell, Command Prompt, and WSL shells in tabs.Foundational
Windows Update for Business (WUfB)Policies that control when and how Windows devices receive updates directly from Windows Update.Intermediate
winverA Windows command that displays the installed Windows version and build number.Foundational
WIP LimitA constraint on the number of work items allowed in a workflow state or system at one time.Foundational
Wiper MalwareDestructive malware designed to permanently erase or corrupt data and systems rather than extort payment.Intermediate
Wire MapA test that verifies each conductor is connected to the correct pin at both ends of a twisted-pair cable.Foundational
Wire ServiceReactive LWC mechanism (@wire) that provisions data from LDS adapters or cacheable Apex to a property or function.Intermediate
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)Original, broken 802.11 encryption protocol using RC4 with a 24-bit IV.Foundational
WireGuardModern, lightweight VPN protocol using a fixed set of strong cryptographic primitives over UDP.Advanced
Wireless Distribution System (WDS)Wireless interconnection of APs using four-address frames.Advanced
Wireless Intrusion Prevention System (WIPS)A system that monitors RF for rogue devices and attacks and can take containment actions.Intermediate
Wireless LAN Controller (WLC)A device or virtual appliance that centrally manages lightweight APs, RF, security, and client policy.Foundational
Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)A WLAN in which APs use wireless backhaul links to reach a wired-connected root AP.Intermediate
Wireless Presentation SystemA system that lets users share laptop or mobile screens to a room display without cables, using a dongle or app.Foundational
WiresharkA free, open-source graphical protocol analyzer that captures and decodes network packets.Foundational
WLAN ProfileThe Catalyst 9800 object defining an SSID and its Layer 2 and Layer 3 security settings.Intermediate
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the team to accomplish objectives and create deliverables.Foundational
Work FactorThe estimated time or effort required to break a cryptosystem or security control.Intermediate
Work in Progress (WIP)Work items that have started but are not yet finished.Foundational
Work Item AgeThe elapsed time since an item started that is still in progress.Intermediate
Work OrderObject representing field work to be performed on an asset, with work order line items for individual tasks.Intermediate
Work Order (ServiceNow FSM)FSM record describing field work, broken into work order tasks assigned to technicians.Intermediate
Work PackageThe work defined at the lowest level of the WBS for which cost and duration can be estimated and managed.Foundational
Work Performance Data (WPD)Raw observations and measurements identified during activities performed to carry out project work.Intermediate
Work Performance Information (WPI)Performance data collected from controlling processes and analyzed in comparison with plan components and baselines.Intermediate
Work Performance ReportsThe physical or electronic representation of work performance information compiled to generate decisions or awareness.Intermediate
Work Recovery Time (WRT)The time needed after systems are restored to verify data, test functionality and resume normal operations.Advanced
WorkaroundA solution that reduces or eliminates the impact of an incident or problem without a permanent fix.Foundational
Workday Business ProcessConfigurable workflow in Workday that defines steps, approvals, conditions and notifications for events like hire or job change.Intermediate
Workday Security GroupWorkday construct granting access to domains and business processes, such as role-based, user-based or intersection groups.Advanced
Workflow ArtifactFiles produced by a GitHub Actions job and uploaded for sharing between jobs or downloading after a run.Intermediate
Workflow OrchestrationCoordinating LLM calls and tools through predefined code paths such as chaining, routing and parallelization.Intermediate
Workflow RuleLegacy automation tool that performed field updates, emails, tasks and outbound messages on record criteria; retired in favor of Flow.Foundational
Workflow StudioServiceNow's unified workspace for building flows, subflows, actions, playbooks and decision tables.Intermediate
Workflow TriggerThe event, defined under the on key, that causes a GitHub Actions workflow to run.Intermediate
Workforce Optimization (WFO)A suite of contact center tools for workforce management, quality management, call recording and performance analytics.Intermediate
WorkgroupA peer-to-peer Windows network where each computer manages its own accounts and resources.Foundational
Workload Identity FederationGoogle Cloud feature letting external workloads (AWS, Azure, OIDC/SAML, CI/CD) access Google Cloud without service account keys.Advanced
WorkspaceConfigurable agent-focused interface, such as Service Operations Workspace or CSM Configurable Workspace, built on Next Experience.Intermediate
Workspace RolesPower BI and Fabric workspace permission levels: Admin, Member, Contributor and Viewer.Intermediate
World Wide Name (WWN)A 64-bit globally unique identifier assigned to Fibre Channel devices, with node (WWNN) and port (WWPN) variants.Intermediate
WormSelf-replicating malware that spreads across networks without user interaction by exploiting vulnerabilities.Foundational
WPA3 Transition ModeA mixed mode where one SSID accepts both WPA2-PSK and WPA3-SAE clients, with PMF optional.Intermediate
WPA3-Enterprise 192-Bit ModeOptional WPA3-Enterprise mode aligned with CNSA, using GCMP-256, HMAC-SHA-384, and EAP-TLS with 384-bit ECC or 3072-bit RSA.Advanced
Write BlockerA hardware or software tool that allows reading from a storage device while preventing any writes to it.Foundational
Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)A technique in which changes are recorded in a durable log before being applied to data files.Advanced
Write-Back CacheA caching mode where writes are acknowledged once stored in cache, then flushed to disk later, improving write performance.Intermediate
WxLAN PolicyMist's label-based access policy applied at the AP to control traffic between users and resources.Advanced

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