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Application & OT Security · Foundational

Repudiation

A user or system denying that it performed an action because there is insufficient evidence to prove otherwise.

Definition

In STRIDE, repudiation threats violate non-repudiation. They arise from missing, mutable or unattributed logs. Mitigations include tamper-evident audit logging, digital signatures and synchronized timestamps.

Example

A trader denies placing an order and the application has no signed audit trail to disprove it.

Exam tip

Non-repudiation is the counter; strong audit logging and digital signatures are the usual answers.

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