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Routing & Switching · Intermediate

TCP Global Synchronization

A condition where many TCP flows experience drops simultaneously, all reduce their windows, then ramp up together, causing oscillating link utilization.

Definition

It results from tail drop on congested queues. Random early dropping of selected packets desynchronizes flows so throughput stays high.

Example

Link utilization swings between 40 and 100 percent every few seconds under tail drop.

Exam tip

Congestion avoidance (RED/WRED) addresses global synchronization; queuing does not.

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