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Security Fundamentals & Crypto · Intermediate

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)

Interim WPA encryption protocol that wrapped RC4 with per-packet keys and a MIC; now deprecated.

Definition

TKIP was designed to run on WEP-era hardware, adding per-packet key mixing, a 48-bit sequence counter, and the Michael message integrity check. It has known weaknesses and was deprecated by the Wi-Fi Alliance; it is not allowed with 802.11n and later high-throughput rates. WPA2 uses AES-CCMP instead.

Example

A legacy SSID configured for WPA-TKIP limits clients to 54 Mbps and weak security.

Exam tip

Choose CCMP/AES over TKIP; TKIP is legacy and RC4-based.

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