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Security Operations · Foundational

Malware

Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, spy on or gain unauthorized access to systems or data.

Definition

Malware is an umbrella term covering viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware, rootkits, keyloggers, logic bombs, bots and more. Types are distinguished by how they spread (self-replicating or not), how they hide and what payload they deliver. Defenses include endpoint protection, EDR, application allowlisting, patching and user awareness.

Example

A trojanized PDF reader that installs a keylogger is malware.

Exam tip

Exam questions describe behavior; identify the type by propagation method and payload, not the delivery email.

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