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Collaboration, Voice & AV · Advanced

Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE)

A framework (RFC 8445) that finds the best working media path between endpoints behind NAT using host, reflexive and relay candidates.

Definition

ICE gathers candidate addresses: host (local), server reflexive (public address learned via STUN) and relayed (allocated on a TURN server). The endpoints exchange candidates in SDP and perform connectivity checks to choose the most direct working pair. ICE is used by WebRTC, Webex, Teams, Jabber and Expressway for Mobile and Remote Access media optimization.

Example

Two Jabber clients on different home networks use ICE to send media directly after first connecting through the Expressway TURN relay.

Exam tip

ICE prefers direct paths and falls back to TURN relay only when needed.

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