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Governance, Risk, Audit & Privacy · Foundational

Consent

Freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous indication of agreement to processing of personal data.

Definition

Under GDPR consent requires a clear affirmative act, cannot be bundled or pre-ticked, must be as easy to withdraw as to give, and must be demonstrable. Explicit consent is needed for some special category processing. US laws often rely more on notice and opt-out, though consent is required for sensitive data in several state laws and for children under COPPA.

Example

A cookie banner with equally prominent Accept and Reject buttons collects consent for analytics cookies.

Exam tip

Pre-ticked boxes and silence do not constitute GDPR consent.

Related terms