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Data & Analytics · Intermediate

Chi-Square Test (χ²)

A test for categorical data: goodness of fit (observed vs expected frequencies) or independence (association between two categorical variables).

Definition

The chi-square test compares observed and expected counts in a contingency table. Expected counts should generally be at least 5 per cell.

Example

Testing whether preferred product color is independent of region.

Exam tip

Two categorical variables = chi-square test of independence; numeric means = t-test or ANOVA.

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