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Data & Analytics · Foundational

Categorical Data

Qualitative data that place observations into groups (nominal or ordinal) rather than measuring quantities.

Definition

Categorical data are summarized with counts and proportions and visualized with bar charts. Numeric codes such as ZIP codes are categorical even though they look like numbers.

Example

Product category, region, satisfaction rating (low/medium/high).

Exam tip

ZIP codes and IDs are categorical; never average them.

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