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Security Fundamentals & Crypto · Advanced

Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC)

Cryptographic technique letting parties jointly compute a function over their inputs without revealing those inputs to each other.

Definition

SMPC splits data into shares and processes them across multiple parties so no single party sees the full input. It enables privacy-preserving analytics, threshold signatures, and private set intersection. It is often discussed alongside homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proofs.

Example

Several banks compute the total exposure to a shared customer without disclosing their individual loan amounts.

Exam tip

Distinguish SMPC (many parties compute jointly) from homomorphic encryption (one party computes on ciphertext).

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