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Networking Fundamentals · Intermediate

Multiplexing

Combining multiple signals or data streams over a single shared medium.

Definition

Physical-layer multiplexing techniques include time-division (TDM), frequency-division (FDM) and wavelength-division (WDM) multiplexing. At higher layers, port numbers let many conversations share one connection. A demultiplexer separates the streams at the far end.

Example

Cable TV carries hundreds of channels on one coax using frequency-division multiplexing.

Exam tip

Match the technique to the medium: WDM to fiber, FDM to coax and radio, TDM to T1 and E1 circuits.

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