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AI & Machine Learning · Foundational

Machine Learning (ML)

A subset of AI in which systems learn patterns from data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed with rules.

Definition

Machine learning uses algorithms that fit a model to training data, then apply that model to new data. Instead of hand-coding logic, the developer supplies examples and an objective, and the algorithm adjusts model parameters to minimize error. The main paradigms are supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning.

Example

A spam filter trained on labeled emails learns which word patterns indicate spam.

Exam tip

If a scenario has clear deterministic rules, exams often expect you to say ML is not needed.

Don't confuse it with

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