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DevOps & Automation · Intermediate

Immutable Infrastructure

An approach where servers or containers are never modified after deployment; changes are made by replacing them with new instances built from a new image.

Definition

Immutable infrastructure eliminates configuration drift and makes deployments repeatable and easy to roll back. It relies on image pipelines (Packer, Dockerfiles) and orchestration that can replace instances automatically.

Example

To patch OpenSSL, the team bakes a new AMI and replaces the Auto Scaling group instances rather than running apt upgrade on each server.

Exam tip

If a question asks how to eliminate drift completely, immutable infrastructure is usually the answer.

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