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DevOps & Automation · Intermediate

Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

A Kubernetes controller that scales the number of pod replicas based on CPU, memory, or custom metrics.

Definition

The HPA uses the Metrics Server (or custom/external metrics APIs) and requires resource requests to compute utilization percentages. KEDA extends it with event-driven scaling.

Example

kubectl autoscale deployment web --cpu-percent=70 --min=2 --max=10

Exam tip

HPA needs Metrics Server and CPU requests set; otherwise targets show <unknown>.

Related terms