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Application & OT Security · Intermediate

Verification and Validation (V&V)

Verification checks that software is built correctly against its specifications; validation checks that the right software was built for user needs.

Definition

In secure development, verification includes reviews, static analysis and testing against security requirements, while validation confirms the product meets operational security needs. Independent V&V (IV&V) uses a separate team for objectivity.

Example

Verification: tests confirm passwords are hashed with Argon2id as specified; validation: users can actually recover accounts securely.

Exam tip

Verification = built right; validation = built the right thing.

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