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AI & Machine Learning · Foundational

Standardization

Scaling a feature to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1 (z-score scaling).

Definition

Standardization computes (x - mean) / standard deviation. It is less affected by outliers than min-max normalization and is preferred for algorithms that assume centered data, such as PCA, logistic regression and SVMs. Values are not bounded to a fixed range.

Exam tip

z-score equals standardization; know the formula.

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