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Security Fundamentals & Crypto · Advanced

Mosca's Theorem

Rule stating that if data's secrecy lifetime plus migration time exceeds the time to a quantum threat, action is overdue.

Definition

Michele Mosca's inequality is X + Y > Z, where X is how long data must remain secure, Y is the time needed to migrate systems, and Z is the time until a CRQC exists. If true, data is already at risk. It is used to prioritize PQC migration.

Example

If records must stay confidential for 10 years and migration takes 7, a CRQC in 15 years means the organization is already late.

Exam tip

Use X + Y > Z to justify starting PQC migration now.

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