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Security Fundamentals & Crypto · Intermediate

Microsegmentation

Dividing networks into very small, workload-level zones with granular policies controlling east-west traffic.

Definition

Microsegmentation enforces policy per workload or application, often using host agents, hypervisor firewalls, or cloud security groups rather than VLANs. It limits lateral movement after a compromise and is a core zero trust technique. Products include VMware NSX, Illumio, and Cisco Secure Workload.

Example

Database servers accept connections only from the specific application servers that need them, even within the same subnet.

Exam tip

Microsegmentation controls east-west traffic; traditional firewalls mainly control north-south.

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