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Networking Fundamentals · Foundational

Link Layer

The lowest layer of the TCP/IP model (also called Network Access or Network Interface) covering OSI Layers 1 and 2.

Definition

The Link layer handles delivery of frames across a single physical network segment, including physical signaling, MAC addressing and media access. Protocols and technologies here include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, PPP and ARP (which bridges Layers 2 and 3). It maps to the OSI Physical and Data Link layers.

Example

Ethernet framing and cabling both fall within the TCP/IP Link layer.

Exam tip

The same layer appears on exams under the names Network Access, Network Interface and Link, so treat them as equivalent.

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