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AI & Machine Learning · Foundational

Hallucination

When a generative model produces fluent output that is false, fabricated or unsupported by its sources.

Definition

Hallucinations arise because LLMs generate statistically plausible text rather than retrieving verified facts. Mitigations include RAG grounding, citations, instructing the model to say it does not know, lower temperature, contextual grounding checks and human review.

Example

A model citing a court case that does not exist.

Exam tip

Grounding with RAG and requiring citations are the top answers for reducing hallucinations.

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