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Governance, Risk, Audit & Privacy · Intermediate

FIPS 199

Federal standard for categorizing information and systems by potential impact (low, moderate, high) on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Definition

FIPS 199 defines security categories expressed as SC = {(confidentiality, impact), (integrity, impact), (availability, impact)}. Impact levels reflect limited, serious, or severe or catastrophic adverse effects. It is mandatory for federal systems and feeds RMF categorization.

Example

SC payroll = {(confidentiality, MODERATE), (integrity, MODERATE), (availability, LOW)}.

Exam tip

Remember the three levels: low = limited, moderate = serious, high = severe or catastrophic.

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