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Commonly confused · Routing & Switching

Static vs Dynamic Routing: What's the Difference?

Static routes are manually configured by an administrator and never change unless edited. Dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP let routers exchange information and automatically recalculate paths when the topology changes.

Static Routing

vs

Dynamic Routing

Static RoutingDynamic Routing
ConfigurationManual on every routerProtocol learns routes automatically
Adapts to failuresNo (unless a floating static backup exists)Yes, reconverges automatically
OverheadNo CPU, memory, or bandwidth for updatesUses resources to exchange and compute routes
ScalabilityPoor in large networksGood
Default administrative distance (Cisco)1OSPF 110, EIGRP 90, eBGP 20, RIP 120
Best forStub networks, default routes, small sitesMedium to large or redundant networks
Remember it

Static is a printed map; dynamic is GPS that reroutes around traffic.

Exam tip

Know floating static routes: a static route with a higher administrative distance than the dynamic route so it only takes over on failure. Questions also ask when a default static route suits a stub network.

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